ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2013
Effect of desiccating environmental stress versus systemic muscarinic AChR blockade on dry eye immunopathogenesis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- A ROS-Responsive and Mucoadhesive Thermosensitive Hydrogel Encapsulated with Mizoribine for Synergistic Dry Eye Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immune Regulatory Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System in Murine Corneal Allografts via Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Activation and T Cell Polarization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Big Data on Climatic and Environmental Parameters Associated with Acute Ocular Surface Symptoms and Therapeutic Assessment: Eye Drops Sales, Google Trends and Environmental Changes.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing the Independent and Combined Effects of Hyperosmolarity and Inflammatory Stress on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Ameliorates Experimental Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- DZ2002 alleviates corneal angiogenesis and inflammation in rodent models of dry eye disease via regulating STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Association of Ocular Surface Immune Cells With Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Aim2 Deficiency Ameliorates Lacrimal Gland Destruction and Corneal Epithelium Defects in an Experimental Dry Eye Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Conjunctiva Resident γδ T Cells Expressed High Level of IL-17A and Promoted the Severity of Dry Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Differences in vulnerability to desiccating stress between corneal and conjunctival epithelium in rabbit models of short-term ocular surface exposure.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A new non-human primate model of desiccating stress-induced dry eye disease.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Immune regulation of the ocular surface.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Mussel-Inspired Microgel Encapsulated NLRP3 Inhibitor as a Synergistic Strategy Against Dry Eye.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Acupuncture Alleviates Corneal Inflammation in New Zealand White Rabbits with Dry Eye Diseases by RegulatingEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Topical Application ofFrontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Tacrolimus Loaded Cationic Liposomes for Dry Eye Treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
- Autoimmunity in dry eye disease - An updated review of evidence on effector and memory Th17 cells in disease pathogenicity.Autoimmunity reviews · 2021Review
- Spatial Distribution of Mast Cells Regulates Asymmetrical Angiogenesis at the Ocular Surface.The American journal of pathology · 2021Article
- Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Enhances the Suppressive Phenotype of Regulatory T Cells in a Murine Model of Dry Eye Disease.The American journal of pathology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeA majority of experimental data on dry eye disease (DED) immunopathogenesis have been derived from a murine model of DED that combines desiccating environmental stress with systemic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) inhibition. However, to our knowledge the effects of pharmacologic mAChR blockade on the pathogenesis of experimental DED have not been evaluated systemically. The purpose of our study was to investigate the differential effects of desiccating environmental stress and mAChR inhibition on the pathogenesis of DED.
methodsDED was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by exposure to a desiccating environment in the controlled-environment chamber or to systemic scopolamine, or by performing extraorbital lacrimal gland excision. Clinical disease was assessed using corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and the cotton thread test (CTT). Corneal CD11b(+) and conjunctival CD3(+) T-cell infiltration were evaluated by flow cytometry. T-cells from draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and distant inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) were analyzed for Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg responses by flow cytometry and ELISA.
resultsDesiccating environmental stress and systemic mAChR blockade induced similar clinical signs of DED. However, desiccating environmental stress imparted higher conjunctival CD3(+) T-cell infiltration, and greater Th17-cell activity and Treg dysfunction than mAChR blockade, while mAChR blockade decreased tear secretion to a greater extent than desiccating environmental stress. Systemic mAChR blockade attenuated Th17 activity and enhanced Th2 and Treg responses without affecting Th1 activity.
conclusionsIn vivo inhibition of mAChRs variably affects CD4(+) T-cell subsets, and desiccating environmental stress and systemic mAChR blockade induce DED through different primary pathogenic mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.