ArticleAutophagy2013
LC3 fluorescent puncta in autophagosomes or in protein aggregates can be distinguished by FRAP analysis in living cells.
Article in Autophagy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- CBP/p300 is critical for the expansion and maintenance of functional pancreatic α cell mass.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Autophagosome marker, LC3, is released extracellularly via several distinct pathways.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Autophagy-Targeting Nanomedicine: Strike at the Heart of the Cancer via Precise Modulation of Autophagy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Atypical cadherin FAT1 promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing autophagic cell death in glioblastoma under hypoxia or nutrient stress.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Autophagy-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Growth by Food-Grade Lipid Nanoparticles in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exploring cannabinoid modulation on autophagy mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Irisin reduces senile osteoporosis by inducing osteocyte mitophagy through Ampk activation.iScience · 2024Article
- Clinical Properties and Non-Clinical Testing of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in In Vitro Cell Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Induction of Autophagy by Extract fromMarine drugs · 2024Article
- Plant extracts modulate cellular stress to inhibit replication of mouse Coronavirus MHV-A59.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Protein quality control and aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum: From basic to bedside.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Upregulation of Nox4 induces a pro-survival Nrf2 response in cancer-associated fibroblasts that promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis, in part via Birc5 induction.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Astrocytes and retrograde degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease: removing axonal debris.Translational neurodegeneration · 2021Article
- β-Asarone Attenuates Aβ-Induced Neuronal Damage in PC12 Cells Overexpressing APPswe by Restoring Autophagic Flux.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Naringenin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Enhancing Energy Expenditure and Regulating Autophagy via AMPK.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate in Microglia via an Autophagy Dependent Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- MicroRNA‑155 promotes ox‑LDL‑induced autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Natural dietary compound naringin prevents azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colorectal inflammation and carcinogenesis in mice.Cancer biology & therapy · 2018Article
- Silencing the autophagy-specific gene Beclin-1 contributes to attenuated hypoxia-induced vasculogenic mimicry formation in glioma.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
LC3 is a marker protein that is involved in the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, which are usually characterized and monitored by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent protein-tagged LC3 probes (FP-LC3). FP-LC3 and even endogenous LC3 can also be incorporated into intracellular protein aggregates in an autophagy-independent manner. However, the dynamic process of LC3 associated with autophagosomes and autolysosomes or protein aggregates in living cells remains unclear. Here, we explored the dynamic properties of the two types of FP-LC3-containing puncta using fluorescence microscopy techniques, including fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRAP data revealed that the fluorescent signals of FP-LC3 attached to phagophores or in mature autolysosomes showed either minimal or no recovery after photobleaching, indicating that the dissociation of LC3 from the autophagosome membranes may be very slow. In contrast, FP-LC3 in the protein aggregates exhibited nearly complete recovery (more than 80%) and rapid kinetics of association and dissociation (half-time < 1 sec), indicating a rapid exchange occurs between the aggregates and cytoplasmic pool, which is mainly due to the transient interaction of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. Based on the distinct dynamic properties of FP-LC3 in the two types of punctate structures, we provide a convenient and useful FRAP approach to distinguish autophagosomes from LC3-involved protein aggregates in living cells. Using this approach, we find the FP-LC3 puncta that adjacently localized to the phagophore marker ATG16L1 were protein aggregate-associated LC3 puncta, which exhibited different kinetics compared with that of autophagic structures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.