ArticlemBio2013
The CRISPR-associated gene cas2 of Legionella pneumophila is required for intracellular infection of amoebae.
Article in mBio, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Oxidative stress elicited by phage infection induces Staphylococcal type III-A CRISPR-Cas system.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Expanded geographic distribution for twomSphere · 2024Article
- Distribution characteristics of theInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Function of the RNA-targeting class 2 type VI CRISPR Cas system ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Legionella pneumophila Rhizoferrin Promotes Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Growth within Amoebae and Macrophages.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Legionnaires' Disease in China Caused byMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- CRISPR-Cas systems: role in cellular processes beyond adaptive immunity.Folia microbiologica · 2022Review
- Developing New Tools to Fight Human Pathogens: A Journey through the Advances in RNA Technologies.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Legionella pneumophila Cas2 Promotes the Expression of Small Heat Shock Protein C2 That Is Required for Thermal Tolerance and Optimal Intracellular Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- CRISPR Contributes to Adhesion, Invasion, and Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus agalactiae by Repressing Capsular Polysaccharide Production.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- CRISPR-Cas systems target endogenous genes to impact bacterial physiology and alter mammalian immune responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- Identification of RNA Binding Partners of CRISPR-Cas Proteins in Prokaryotes Using RIP-Seq.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Digging into the lesser-known aspects of CRISPR biology.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2021Review
- Shining light on a deep-sea bacterial symbiont population structure with CRISPR.Microbial genomics · 2021Article
- Article
- Structure and functional analysis of the Legionella pneumophila chitinase ChiA reveals a novel mechanism of metal-dependent mucin degradation.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- CRISPR-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The CRISPR-Cas Mechanism for Adaptive Immunity and Alternate Bacterial Functions Fuels Diverse Biotechnologies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledRecent studies have shown that the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) array and its associated (cas) genes can play a key role in bacterial immunity against phage and plasmids. Upon analysis of the Legionella pneumophila strain 130b chromosome, we detected a subtype II-B CRISPR-Cas locus that contains cas9, cas1, cas2, cas4, and an array with 60 repeats and 58 unique spacers. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis demonstrated that the entire CRISPR-Cas locus is expressed during 130b extracellular growth in both rich and minimal media as well as during intracellular infection of macrophages and aquatic amoebae. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) further showed that the levels of cas transcripts, especially those of cas1 and cas2, are elevated during intracellular growth relative to exponential-phase growth in broth. Mutants lacking components of the CRISPR-Cas locus were made and found to grow normally in broth and on agar media. cas9, cas1, cas4, and CRISPR array mutants also grew normally in macrophages and amoebae. However, cas2 mutants, although they grew typically in macrophages, were significantly impaired for infection of both Hartmannella and Acanthamoeba species. A complemented cas2 mutant infected the amoebae at wild-type levels, confirming that cas2 is required for intracellular infection of these host cells. IMPORTANCE: Given that infection of amoebae is critical for L. pneumophila persistence in water systems, our data indicate that cas2 has a role in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. Because our experiments were done in the absence of added phage, plasmid, or nucleic acid, the event that is facilitated by Cas2 is uniquely distinct from current dogma concerning CRISPR-Cas function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.