Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23481398›Full record

ArticleNature communications2013

Engineering the type III secretion system in non-replicating bacterial minicells for antigen delivery.

Heather A Carleton, María Lara-Tejero, Xiaoyun Liu, Jorge E Galán

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Minicells derived fromApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Bacterial Minicell-Based Biohybrid Sub-micron Swimmers for Targeted Cargo Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  4. Conjugative delivery of toxin genesJournal of bacteriology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Construction and evaluation of aFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Using nanoparticles forInternational journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2020
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Heather A CarletonDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
María Lara-Tejero
Xiaoyun Liu
Jorge E Galán
Yale University · US

Funding

MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SALMONELLA CELL INVASIONR37AI030492 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GALAN, JORGE E · 2000 to 2024
$10.1M
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SALMONELLA CELL INVASIONR01AI030492 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Jorge E Galan · 1995 to 2026
$3.1M
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SALMONELLA CELL INVASIONR29AI030492 · NIAID · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI GALAN, JORGE E · 1991 to 1995
–
NIAID NIH HHS AI30492NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI030492NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI030492
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type III protein secretion systems are being considered for vaccine development as virtually any protein antigen can be engineered for delivery by these nanomachines into the class I antigen presentation pathway to stimulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. A limitation in the use of this system is that it requires live virulence-attenuated bacteria, which may preclude its use in certain populations such as children and the immunocompromised. Here we report the engineering of the Salmonella Typhimurium type III secretion system in achromosomal, non-replicating nanoparticles derived from bacterial minicells. The engineered system is shown to be functional and capable of delivering heterologous antigens to the class I antigen presentation pathway stimulating immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. This antigen delivery platform offers a novel approach for vaccine development and cellular immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Genetic EngineeringAnimalsAntigensBacterial ProteinsBacterial Secretion SystemsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOvalbuminSalmonella typhimuriumAntigensBacterial ProteinsBacterial Secretion SystemsOvalbumin

Identifiers

PMID23481398
PMCPMC3693737
OpenAlexW2125969607

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.