Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
B cells promote inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes through regulation of T-cell function and an inflammatory cytokine profile.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05591339 (Diabetes Diagnosis, Management, Prevention and Education in Guinea-Bissau), which is not on this map. Cited by 309 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Diabetes Diagnosis, Management, Prevention and Education in Guinea-Bissau
Who cites it
309 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of comorbid type 2 diabetes on survival outcomes in patients with solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis focusing on lung cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review on leptin's role in defining cancer: special emphasis on immunomodulation, inflammation, and therapeutic interventions.Genes and immunity · 2025Pooled it
- Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Type 2 Diabetes: How Much of an Autoimmune Disease?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Effects of fish oils on ex vivo B-cell responses of obese subjects upon BCR/TLR stimulation: a pilot study.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2018Trial
- Gut microbiota and immunometabolism in obesity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Obesity accelerates aging: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- T cells are elevated in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue in females with type 2 diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Serum profile of IL-29, IL-41, and raftlin in microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Observational
- Role of SCAP in regulation of pancreatic homeostasis, pancreatitis, and tumorigenesis.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Review
- Periodontitis Induces B Cell-Macrophage Crosstalk to Exacerbate Glucose Dysregulation in Obesity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dual impact of squalene-adjuvanted influenza vaccine on immunity and glucose homeostasis in obese mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- C-Reactive Protein-Albumin-Lymphocyte Index as a Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A National Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Obesity and type 2 diabetes as chronic inflammation: how does the cytokine evidence align?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Diabesity and Oral Immunity: Exploring the Interconnection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Augmented MHC Class I on Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells and Enhanced Cytokine Production by CD8European journal of immunology · 2025Article
249 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have disease-associated changes in B-cell function, but the role these changes play in disease pathogenesis is not well established. Data herein show B cells from obese mice produce a proinflammatory cytokine profile compared with B cells from lean mice. Complementary in vivo studies show that obese B cell-null mice have decreased systemic inflammation, inflammatory B- and T-cell cytokines, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR) compared with obese WT mice. Reduced inflammation in obese/insulin resistant B cell-null mice associates with an increased percentage of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs). This increase contrasts with the sharply decreased percentage of Tregs in obese compared with lean WT mice and suggests that B cells may be critical regulators of T-cell functions previously shown to play important roles in IR. We demonstrate that B cells from T2D (but not non-T2D) subjects support proinflammatory T-cell function in obesity/T2D through contact-dependent mechanisms. In contrast, human monocytes increase proinflammatory T-cell cytokines in both T2D and non-T2D analyses. These data support the conclusion that B cells are critical regulators of inflammation in T2D due to their direct ability to promote proinflammatory T-cell function and secrete a proinflammatory cytokine profile. Thus, B cells are potential therapeutic targets for T2D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.