ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2013
The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04557215 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin in Combination With N-acetylcysteine), which is not on this map. Cited by 686 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin in Combination With N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea
Who cites it
686 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,375 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Sialidase inhibitor modulates gut microbiota and enhances mucosal protection in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.mSystems · 2026Trial
- Clinical study of pronase for improving visibility and safety in colonoscopy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Trial
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The protease code of the bacterial gut microbiota: ecological regulation, barrier disruption, and rewiring host defense and signaling.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Bridging environmental pollution and immune dysregulation: How microplastics disrupt gut homeostasis to promote allergic diseases.Virulence · 2026Review
- Claudin 18 Immunohistochemistry Expression in Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Limited Potential as a Therapeutic Biomarker.Head and neck pathology · 2026Article
- Microplastics and nanoplastics in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanistic plausibility, human evidence and future research priorities.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Isoquinoline alkaloids enhance growth performance through multifaceted modulation of the bacterial-fungal microbiome, CAZyme profiles, gut health, and neuroendocrine function in broilers.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Opposing roles for lipocalins and a CD36 family scavenger receptor in apical extracellular matrix-dependent protection of narrow tube integrity.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Review
- Physical, chemical, and structural properties of human gastric organoid-derived mucus.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026Article
- Nutritional Management for Infants with Cystic Fibrosis Born with Meconium Ileus: A 15-Year Review.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Review
- Spatium: A Protein Language Foundation Model for Spatial Proteomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hybrid Mucointeractive Delivery Systems-Alternative Approaches to Mucosal Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase and NRF2 Pathways in Gastrointestinal Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Preventive and therapeutic effects of co-administration of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and infliximab on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice.Intestinal research · 2026Article
- Multiple ShKT domain-containing MUL-1 proteins act as redox-responsive modulators of oxidative stress signaling in C. elegans.Molecules and cells · 2026Article
626 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mucins--large, highly glycosylated proteins--are important for the luminal protection of the gastrointestinal tract. Enterocytes have their apical surface covered by transmembrane mucins and goblet cells produce the secreted gel-forming mucins that form mucus. The small intestine has a single unattached mucus layer, which in cystic fibrosis becomes attached, accounting for the intestinal manifestations of this disease. The stomach and colon have two layers of mucus; the inner layer is attached and the outer layer is less dense and unattached. In the colon, the outer mucus layer is the habitat for commensal bacteria. The inner mucus layer is impervious to bacteria and is renewed every hour by surface goblet cells. The crypt goblet cells have the ability to restitute the mucus layer by secretion, for example after an ischaemic challenge. Proteases of certain parasites and some bacteria can cleave mucins and dissolve the mucus as part of their pathogenicity. The inner mucus layer can, however, also become penetrable to bacteria by several other mechanisms, including aberrations in the immune system. When bacteria reach the epithelial surface, the immune system is activated and inflammation is triggered. This mechanism might occur in some types of ulcerative colitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.