ArticlePloS one2013
Effect of linezolid on clinical severity and pulmonary cytokines in a murine model of influenza A and Staphylococcus aureus coinfection.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Omadacycline exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and improves survival in a murine model of post-influenza MRSA pneumonia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Advances in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer-associated obstructive pneumonia and lung abscess: synergistic strategies for infection control and antitumor therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Antibiotics as immunomodulators: a potential pharmacologic approach for ARDS treatment.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
- Interleukin-4 protects mice against lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infected pneumonia.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Linezolid Attenuates Lethal Lung Damage during Postinfluenza Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Linezolid and Its Immunomodulatory Effect:Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Coinfection With Influenza A Virus andFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Quantifying the therapeutic requirements and potential for combination therapy to prevent bacterial coinfection during influenza.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2017Article
- Influenza A Virus as a Predisposing Factor for Cryptococcosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Nox2-derived oxidative stress results in inefficacy of antibiotics against post-influenza S. aureus pneumonia.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Article
- Article
- The immunology of influenza virus-associated bacterial pneumonia.Current opinion in immunology · 2015Review
- Linezolid has unique immunomodulatory effects in post-influenza community acquired MRSA pneumonia.PloS one · 2015Article
- Regulation of IFN-γ by IL-13 dictates susceptibility to secondary postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- The role of influenza in the severity and transmission of respiratory bacterial disease.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2014Review
- Secondary bacterial infections in influenza virus infection pathogenesis.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledExcessive inflammation contributes to the severity of post influenza pneumonia caused by methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA). Linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin are antibiotics used for MRSA infections. Linezolid has immunomodulatory properties. We report on the effects of the three antibiotics on microbial clearance, pulmonary cytokines and clinical course in a murine model of influenza and MRSA coinfection.
methodsB6 mice were infected with influenza A virus and 3 days later with MRSA, both intranasally. Treatment with placebo, linezolid, vancomycin or clindamycin started immediately after MRSA infection and continued for 72 hours. Bacterial and viral titers as well as cytokine concentrations in the lungs were assessed 4 and 24 hours after MRSA coinfection. Mice were weighted daily for 13 days.
resultsCoinfected mice had increased pulmonary IL-1β, TNF-α and mKC at 4 and 24 hours, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 at 4 hours and IFN-γ at 24 hours after MRSA coinfection (all P<0.05). Compared to placebo, coinfected mice treated with linezolid, vancomycin or clindamycin had decreased pulmonary IL-6 and mKC at 4 hours and IFN-γ at 24 hours after MRSA coinfection (all P<0.05). IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 were similar in antibiotic-treated and placebo groups. All antibiotics similarly reduced MRSA without effect on influenza titers. Linezolid-treated mice had less weight loss on days 4-6 after influenza infection compared to placebo (all P<0.05). On all other days weight change was similar among all groups.
conclusionsThis is the first report comparing the effects of antibiotics on cytokines and clinical outcome in a murine model of influenza and MRSA coinfection. Compared to placebo, antibiotic treatment reduced maximum concentration of IL-6, mKC and IFN-γ in the lungs without any difference among antibiotics. During treatment, only linezolid delayed weight loss compared to placebo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.