SynthesisHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association2013
Behavior change techniques used to promote walking and cycling: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Can Brief Text Messages Based on Control Theory Promote the Use of Bike Share Schemes?
The Cycle Nation Project: A Workplace Intervention to Increase the Number of People Cycling Regularly (Phase 2: Feasibility)
Effects of an Individualized Dietary Behavioural Change (IDBC) Programme and Exercise Training in Combination or Separately on Managing Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to improve hand hygiene in community settings: a systematic review of theories, barriers and enablers, behaviour change techniques and hand hygiene station design features.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Use of Behavior Change Techniques in Digital HIV Prevention Programs for Adolescents and Young People: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Are physical activity interventions for healthy inactive adults effective in promoting behavior change and maintenance, and which behavior change techniques are effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational behavioral medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The State of Behavior Change Techniques in Virtual Reality Rehabilitation of Neurologic Populations.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- The effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in adults with persistent musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Pooled it
- Do Interventions to Increase Walking Work? A Systematic Review of Interventions in Children and Adolescents.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy of behavioural interventions for transport behaviour change: systematic review, meta-analysis and intervention coding.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2014Pooled it
- Comparing physical activity prescription with verbal advice for general practice patients with cardiovascular risk factors: results from the PEPPER randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Incentivising public transport use for physical activity gain: process evaluation of the COVID-19 disrupted trips4health randomised controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Trial
- Development and feasibility of a mobile phone application designed to support physically inactive employees to increase walking.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Trial
- Exploring psychosocial mediators of remote physical activity counselling: a secondary analysis of data from a 1-year randomized control trial (Movingcall).Journal of behavioral medicine · 2020Trial
- Telephone-Based Coaching and Prompting for Physical Activity: Short- and Long-Term Findings of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Movingcall).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Socio-Ecological Natural Experiment with Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Active Commuting to Work: Process Evaluation, Behavioral Impacts, and Changes in the Use and Quality of Walking and Cycling Paths.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Developing a group intervention to manage fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis through modifying physical activity.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Trial
- Predicting Outcomes from Engagement With Specific Components of an Internet-Based Physical Activity Intervention With Financial Incentives: Process Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- The Smart City Active Mobile Phone Intervention (SCAMPI) study to promote physical activity through active transportation in healthy adults: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials.Psychology & health · 2016Trial
- Amantadine Effect on Perceptions of Irritability after Traumatic Brain Injury: Results of the Amantadine Irritability Multisite Study.Journal of neurotrauma · 2015Trial
- Study protocol: the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of an employer-led intervention to increase walking during the daily commute: the Travel to Work randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2015Trial
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEvidence on the effectiveness of walking and cycling interventions is mixed. This may be partly attributable to differences in intervention content, such as the cognitive and behavioral techniques (BCTs) used. Adopting a taxonomy of BCTs, this systematic review addressed two questions: (a) What are the behavior change techniques used in walking and cycling interventions targeted at adults? (b) What characterizes interventions that appear to be associated with changes in walking and cycling in adults?
methodPrevious systematic reviews and updated database searches were used to identify controlled studies of individual-level walking and cycling interventions involving adults. Characteristics of intervention design, context, and methods were extracted in addition to outcomes. Intervention content was independently coded according to a 26-item taxonomy of BCTs.
resultsStudies of 46 interventions met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one reported a statistically significant effect on walking and cycling outcomes. Analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in the vocabulary used to describe intervention content and the number of BCTs coded. "Prompt self-monitoring of behavior" and "prompt intention formation" were the most frequently coded BCTs.
conclusionFuture walking and cycling intervention studies should ensure that all aspects of the intervention are reported in detail. The findings lend support to the inclusion of self-monitoring and intention formation techniques in future walking and cycling intervention design, although further exploration of these and other BCTs is required. Further investigation of the interaction between BCTs and study design characteristics would also be desirable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.