ArticleJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2013
The immigrant paradox among Asian American women: are disparities in the burden of depression and anxiety paradoxical or explicable?
Article in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Understanding the Healthy Immigrant Effect in the Context of Mental Health Challenges: A Systematic Critical Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Depression among Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2015Pooled it
- Developmental Stage at Immigration and Mental Health: Group-Specific Findings Among Asian and Latinx Young Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Variations in Eclampsia Risk Across Asian Origin Groups in the United States.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Exploring the Immigrant Health Paradox Among the Vietnamese Population in the United States.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diagnoses of Mental Health Disorders Among Norwegian-Born Youth and Young Adults with Immigrant Parents-A Register-Based Study.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Article
- Common Mental health issues among non-refugee migrants in Australia: a scoping review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- 'I thought we would be cherished and safe here': understanding the multi-faceted nature of mental health among Arab immigrants/refugees in Ontario, Canada- the CAN-HEAL study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Racial discrimination and mental health in the context of anti-Asian xenophobia: An intersecting approach of race, ethnicity, nativity, and socioeconomic status.SSM. Mental health · 2024Article
- Food Related Challenges and Mental Health Among U.S. African Migrants: A Narrative Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Review
- Healthy Immigrant Effect or Under-Detection? Examining Undiagnosed and Unrecognized Late-Life Depression for Racialized Immigrants and Nonimmigrants in Canada.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Parent-Child Nativity, Race, Ethnicity, and Common Mental Health Conditions Among United States Children and Adolescents.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Major depressive disorders in young immigrants: A cohort study from primary healthcare settings in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Healthy immigration effect among internal migrants in megacities: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The impact of two types of COVID-19-related discrimination and contemporaneous stressors on Chinese immigrants in the US South.SSM. Mental health · 2022Article
- Family Factors Related to Three Major Mental Health Issues Among Asian-Americans Nationwide.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2022Article
- Understanding differences within ethnic group designation: comparing risk factors and health indicators between Iranian and Arab Americans in Northern California.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Antidepressant adherence and its predictors in immigrants with depression: A population-based study.Medicine · 2020Observational
- Depressive Symptom Severity and Immigration-Related Characteristics in Asian American Immigrants.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe evaluated potential explanations for advantaged mental health status among immigrant Asian American women compared to U.S.-born Asian American women.
methodIn a nationally representative sample of 1,030 women (185 U.S.-born, 368 early-life immigrants [arrived before 25 years of age], 477 late-life immigrants), we examined the hypothesis that increased exposure to social risk factors mediate nativity-based differences in lifetime prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders. Indicators of social class were also examined as protective factors enjoyed by U.S.-born women that may suppress observed nativity-based disparities. We also examined whether there were group differences in reactivity to stress in predicting disorder.
resultsU.S.-born women were twice as likely as late-life immigrants to report lifetime history of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, 95% CI [1.35, 4.54]) and anxiety (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.34, 5.19]). Nativity differences in perceived discrimination, family conflict, and cultural conflict explained disparities in rates of disorder. There was no support for the contention that immigrant women were more psychologically hardy or resilient to social stress.
conclusionFindings suggest that the gap in mental health status between U.S.- and foreign-born Asian American women would indeed be magnified if differences in social status were accounted for, but also that ready explanations for the so-called immigrant paradox are found in differential levels of reported stress exposure.
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Registered trials
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