ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2013
Increased paediatric hospitalizations for empyema in Australia after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05792904 (Factors Associated With Complicated Pneumonia in Paedatrics), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Factors Associated With Complicated Pneumonia in Paedatrics
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug without Antibiotics for Acute Viral Infection Increases the Empyema Risk in Children: A Matched Case-Control Study.The Journal of pediatrics · 2016Trial
- Glycyrrhetinic acid reduces lung inflammation caused by pneumococcal infection by reducing the toxicity of pneumolysin.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a multiplex-qPCR for paediatric pleural empyema-An observational study in hospitalised children.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by effusion: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the prevalence and severity of hospitalizations for pneumonia in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Role of viral and bacterial pathogens in causing pneumonia among Western Australian children: a case-control study protocol.BMJ open · 2018Article
- Trends in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia in an Ontario Local Health Integration Network.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Community-acquired pneumonia in children - a changing spectrum of disease.Pediatric radiology · 2017Review
- Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Available Pneumococcal Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Direct Streptococcus pneumoniae real-time PCR serotyping from pediatric parapneumonic effusions.BMC pediatrics · 2014Article
- Pneumococcal empyema and complicated pneumonias: global trends in incidence, prevalence, and serotype epidemiology.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine rates of paediatric hospitalization for empyema and pneumonia in Australia before and after the introduction of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).
methodsRates of paediatric hospitalization for empyema and pneumonia (bacterial, viral and all types) were calculated following the codes of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) as a principal diagnosis. The expected number of hospitalizations after the PCV7 was introduced was estimated on the basis of the observed number of hospitalizations before the introduction of the PCV7. Incidence rate differences (IRDs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Hospitalization incidence in each study period was expressed as the number of hospitalizations per million (10(6)) person-years. The population of children aged 0-19 years in Australia from 1998 to 2004 and from 2005 to 2010, as reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, was used to calculate the number of person-years in each period.
findingsIn the 5 years following the introduction of the PCV7, hospitalizations for pneumonia were fewer than expected (15 304 fewer; 95% confidence interval, CI: 14 646-15 960; IRD: -552 per 10(6) person-years; 95% CI: -576 to -529 per 10(6) person-years; IRR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.77-0.78). Hospitalizations for empyema, on the other hand, were more than expected (83 more; 95% CI: 37-128; IRD: 3 per 10(6) person-years; 95% CI: 1-5 per 10(6) person-years; IRR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.14-1.59). Reductions in hospitalizations were observed for all ICD-10 pneumonia codes across all age groups. The increase in empyema hospitalizations was only significant among children aged 1 to 4 years.
conclusionThe introduction of the PCV7 in Australia was associated with a substantial decrease in hospitalizations for childhood pneumonia and a small increase in hospitalizations for empyema.
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