ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2013
TLR agonists: our best frenemy in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 340 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Toll-like Receptor 2 Agonists via a Scaffold Hopping Strategy.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-Nanoparticle Bioactive Platforms for Post-Surgical Prevention of Tumor Recurrence.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling the sensing potential of innate lymphoid cells.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Unfolding and Degradation of Micellar Immunodrug Carriers Derived From End Group Modified Aliphatic Poly(Carbonate)s with Acid-Responsive Ketal Side Groups.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- The tumor microenvironment as a key regulator of radiotherapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cationic microparticles inhibit local sterile inflammation in tissue injuries.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the immunosuppressive microenvironment in MSS/pMMR colorectal cancer via synergistic pyroptosis induction and PD-L1 suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- A preclinical model for the identification of therapeutically active transgenes in local cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Polysaccharide Adjuvants as Innate Immune Trainers: Bridging Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Activation and Metabolic Reprogramming for Synthetic Vaccine Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Reprogramming tumor microenvironment via systemic delivery of TLR3 agonist and manganese nanoparticle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Bacterial Infections and Their Cell Wall Ligands Differentially Modulate Doxorubicin Sensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Constructing the cure: engineering the next wave of antibody and cellular immune therapies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Iterative selection of lipid nanoparticle vaccine adjuvants for rapid elicitation of tumoricidal CD8⁺ T cells.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Retroelement co-option disrupts the cancer transcriptional programme.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- TLR7: A Key Prognostic Biomarker and Immunotherapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Leveraging innate immune signals in CD8+ T cells to boost antitumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Ideal Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Various TLR agonists are currently under investigation in clinical trials for their ability to orchestrate antitumor immunity. The antitumor responses are largely attributed to their aptitude to stimulate APCs such as DCs which in turn, activate tumor-specific T cell responses. However, there is a potential for TLR signaling to occur on cells other than professional APCs that could negate antitumor responses or even worse, promote tumor growth. The impetus for this review is twofold. First, there is accumulating data demonstrating that the engagement of TLRs on different T cell subsets and different cancer types could promote tumor growth or conversely, contribute to antitumor responses. Second, the efficacy of TLR agonists as monotherapies to treat cancer patients has been limited. In this review, we discuss how TLR signaling within different T cell subsets and cancer cells can potentially impact the generation of antitumor responses. Based on evidence from preclinical models and clinical trials, we draw attention to several criteria that we believe must be considered when selecting TLR agonists for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.