ArticleNature medicine2013
Inadequate T follicular cell help impairs B cell immunity during HIV infection.
Article in Nature medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-HIV antibody development up to 1 year after antiretroviral therapy initiation in acute HIV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Rapid HIV Progression Is Associated with Extensive Ongoing Somatic Hypermutation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Trial
- X4-Tropic Latent HIV-1 Is Enriched in Peripheral Follicular Helper T Cells and Is Correlated with Disease Progression.Journal of virology · 2020Trial
- Exaggerated follicular helper T-cell responses in patients with LRBA deficiency caused by failure of CTLA4-mediated regulation.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2018Trial
- A favorable follicular helper CD4+ T cell programming characterizes neutralization activity in chronic HIV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Divergent hepatitis B neutralizing antibody trajectories after spontaneous control in people with and without HIV.Research square · 2026Article
- Temporal shifts in adaptive immunity drive HIV-associated cryptococcal IRIS: mechanisms, models, and therapeutic opportunities.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- People with HIV on antiretroviral therapy demonstrate robust humoral response to influenza vaccination.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Immune Factors Linked to Long-Term HCV Humoral Memory Five Years After Cure in People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Incomplete B-cell reconstitution in ART-treated people living with HIV is associated with EBV-linked lymphoma progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of bronchial lymph nodes reveals mechanisms of PRRSV escape from host adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- T Follicular Helper Cell Immune Signatures Associated With Disease Severity in Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Pneumococcal vaccine hyporesponsiveness in people living with HIV: A narrative review of immunological mechanisms and insights from minimally invasive lymph node sampling.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Ageing with HIV-1: immunological challenges for effective vaccination.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Activation of CXCR3Journal of virology · 2025Article
- SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuatedeLife · 2025Article
- Immune Alterations and Viral Reservoir Atlas in SIV-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Distinct Requirements for CD4European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal germinal center B cell depletion and reduction in IgAScience immunology · 2024Article
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of HIV-infected individuals fail to produce protective antibodies and have diminished responses to new immunizations. We report here that even though there is an expansion of follicular helper T (TFH) cells in HIV-infected individuals, the cells are unable to provide adequate B cell help. We found a higher frequency of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)(+) germinal center B cells from lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals suggesting a potential role for PD-1-PD-L1 interaction in regulating TFH cell function. In fact, we show that engagement of PD-1 on TFH cells leads to a reduction in cell proliferation, activation, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) expression and interleukin-21 (IL-21) cytokine secretion. Blocking PD-1 signaling enhances HIV-specific immunoglobulin production in vitro. We further show that at least part of this defect involves IL-21, as addition of this cytokine rescues antibody responses and plasma cell generation in vitro. Our results suggest that deregulation of TFH cell-mediated B cell help diminishes B cell responses during HIV infection and may be related to PD-1 triggering on TFH cells. These results demonstrate a role for TFH cell impairment in HIV pathogenesis and suggest that enhancing their function could have a major impact on the outcome and control of HIV infection, preventing future infections and improving immune responses to vaccinations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.