ArticleZeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie2013
Self- and proxy report for the assessment of pain in patients with and without cognitive impairment: experiences gained in a geriatric hospital.
Article in Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03941990 (Impact of 50% Nitrous Oxide Inhalation on Pain Induced by Lumbar Puncture in Emergency), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of 50% Nitrous Oxide Inhalation on Pain Induced by Lumbar Puncture in Emergency: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Approaching acute pain in emergency settings: European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) guidelines-part 1: assessment.Internal and emergency medicine · 2020Guideline
- [Pain management in people with dementia : Recognizing pain and providing supportive care].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Significant room for improvement in the prehospital assessment and treatment of acute abdominal pain: a retrospective observational study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Pain management inequities by demographic and geriatric-related variables in older adult inpatients.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Intellectual disability nurses' challenges in medication management in primary health care: A qualitative study.Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2024Article
- Availability of Observational Pain Assessment Tools in Hospitalized Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Factors influencing nurses' pain assessment and management of road traffic casualties: a qualitative study at a military hospital in Ghana.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Digital assistance systems in the field of incontinence care for individuals in need of long-term care (EASY): study protocol of a stratified randomised controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Cognitive impairment is associated with greater preoperative symptoms, worse health-related quality of life, and reduced likelihood of recovery after cervical and lumbar spine surgery.North American Spine Society journal · 2022Article
- Cognitive impairment and pain relief following hip fractures: a case control study.British journal of pain · 2022Article
- Responsive Behaviors and Pain Management in Hospital Dementia Care: A Before and After Comparison of the "Serial Trial Intervention".Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Who Doesn't Come Home? Factors Influencing Mortality Among Long-Term Care Residents Transitioning to and From Emergency Departments in Two Canadian Cities.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2021Observational
- Underrecognition and undertreatment of thirst among hospitalized patients with restricted oral feeding and drinking.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Probable Pain on the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC15) Instrument: Assessing Sensitivity and Specificity of Cut-Offs against Three Standards.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Associations between symptoms of pain, insomnia and depression, and frailty in older adults: A cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study.International journal of nursing studies · 2021Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Proxy-Reported Life-Space Assessment in Institutionalized Settings (LSA-IS-Proxy) for Older Persons with and without Cognitive Impairment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- [The Mainz Pain Staging System is also suitable for grading chronic pain in inpatient geriatric patients].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Article
- Use of analgesics in acute stroke patients with inability to self-report pain: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2020Article
- Nursing Education Intervention Effects on Pain Intensity of Nursing Home Residents with Different Levels of Cognitive Impairment: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPain assessment is a complex procedure in patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment. The challenge is to determine whether self-reporting tools are adequate and to identify the cases in which proxy ratings are necessary. PATIENTS AND
methodsAs part of an open, prospective observational study, 178 patients underwent a comprehensive pain assessment consisting of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Verbal Rating Scale with four and five items (VRS4 and VRS5) and the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD).
resultsEven without prior knowledge of a patient's cognitive impairment, this toolkit can be used to reliably identify cases where self-rating is appropriate and where proxy rating becomes necessary. Inter-rater reliability: "good" agreement [Cohen's κ = 74.2% (p < 0.001) (95%CI, 54.6-93.8%)], test-retest reliability: "moderate" agreement [κ = 55.3% (p < 0.001) (95%CI, 28.5-82.1%)]. Furthermore, movement resulted in a higher correlation between the selected assessments. Self-report assessments are appropriate up to a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) value greater than ten. In comparison to NRS, VRS4 and VRS5 remain more stable as the degree of cognitive impairment increases.
conclusionsIn the majority of the cases, our approach enables reliable appropriate pain assessment without the strict prerequisite of an upstream cognitive assessment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.