ArticleOncogene2014
AXL induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and regulates the function of breast cancer stem cells.
Article in Oncogene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 290 citations in OpenAlex.
- AXL at the nexus of therapeutic resistance, tumor vascularization, and immune evasion in cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Prior Therapy Modulate Response to Axl Inhibition.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- TheCells · 2026Article
- C3Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Bidirectional coupling among EMT, AXL-RB1 signaling and lineage switch drives resistance to osimertinib and worse clinical outcomes in NSCLC.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- RTK AXL and its Isoforms: Regulation and Implications in Cancer.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- The Redox-Adhesion-Exosome (RAX) Hub in Cancer: Lipid Peroxidation-Driven EMT Plasticity and Ferroptosis Defense with HNE/MDA Signaling and Lipidomic Perspectives.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Life Factors and Melanoma: From the Macroscopic State to the Molecular Mechanism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Kaempferols from Echinacea purpurea demonstrate anti-cancer potential by targeting anexelekto in breast cancer therapy using chemoinformatics approach.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Targeted Therapies Modulating Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition-Linked Oncogenic Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment: Comparative Profiling of Capmatinib, Bemcentinib, and Galunisertib.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Dual Therapeutic Impact of AXL Inhibitor AB-329: Chemotherapy Sensitization and Immune Microenvironment Reprogramming in TNBC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl in (Advanced) Gastric Cancer-From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Impact.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Novel Therapeutic Development for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- 4'-hydroxywogonin inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by targeting Gas6/Axl signaling axis.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- AXL promotes inflammatory breast cancer progression by regulating immunosuppressive macrophage polarization.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Targeting Frequent Efferocytosis in Tumor Microenvironment is a New Direction for Cancer Treatment.Small science · 2025Review
- Fatty acid uptake activates an AXL-CAV1-β-catenin axis to drive melanoma progression.Genes & development · 2025Article
- Navigating TAM receptor dynamics in tumour immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- AXL signaling in cancer: from molecular insights to targeted therapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly through the use of targeted therapy, relapse and chemoresistance remain a major hindrance to the fight to minimize the burden of the disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that a rare subpopulation of cells known as cancer stem cells (CSC), able to be generated through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and capable of tumor initiation and self-renewal, contributes to treatment resistance and metastases. This means that a more effective therapy should target both the chemoresistant CSCs and the proliferating epithelial cells that give rise to them to reverse EMT and to attenuate their conversion to CSCs. Here, we demonstrate a novel function of AXL in acting upstream to induce EMT in normal and immortalized human mammary epithelial cells in an apparent positive feedback loop mechanism and regulate breast CSC (BCSC) self-renewal and chemoresistance. Downregulation of AXL using MP470 (Amuvatinib) reversed EMT in mesenchymal normal human mammary epithelial cells and murine BCSCs attenuating self-renewal and restored chemosensitivity of the BCSCs. AXL expression was also found to be associated with the expression of stem cell genes, regulation of metastases genes, increased tumorigenicity and was important for BCSC invasion and migration. Inactivation of AXL also led to the downregulation of nuclear factor-κB pathway and reduced tumor formation in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that targeted therapy against AXL, in combination with systemic therapies, has the potential to improve response to anticancer therapies and to reduce breast cancer recurrence and metastases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.