ArticleThe Journal of urology2013
Sexual differentiation in the male and female mouse from days 0 to 21: a detailed and novel morphometric description.
Article in The Journal of urology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estrogenic endocrine disruptor exposure directly impacts erectile function.Communications biology · 2024Article
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- A critical role for estrogen signaling in penis development.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Mouse hypospadias: A critical examination and definition.Differentiation; research in biological diversity · 2016Article
- Timing of androgen receptor disruption and estrogen exposure underlies a spectrum of congenital penile anomalies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- An illustrated anatomical ontology of the developing mouse lower urogenital tract.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2015Article
- Current understanding of hypospadias: relevance of animal models.Nature reviews. Urology · 2015Review
- A Comprehensive Atlas of the Adult Mouse Penis.Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2015Article
- Sexually dimorphic expression of Mafb regulates masculinization of the embryonic urethral formation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Analysis of the effect of estrogen/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol-treated mice.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2013Article
- Diethylstilbestrol-induced mouse hypospadias: "window of susceptibility".Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
- Prenatal diethylstilbestrol induces malformation of the external genitalia of male and female mice and persistent second-generation developmental abnormalities of the external genitalia in two mouse strains.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
- Reproductive tract biology: Of mice and men.Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
- Estrogens and development of the mouse and human external genitalia.Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
- Comparative effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol on external genitalia development in adult males of two mouse strains with differential estrogen sensitivity.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe hypothesized that a significant portion of sexual differentiation of mouse external genitalia occurs postnatally. To establish a baseline of normal development to which genital abnormalities could be compared, we determined morphometric measurements and morphological descriptions of the postnatal period of sexual differentiation in mice from birth to 21 days postnatally. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe external genitalia of male and female CD-1® mice were serially sectioned for histological staining. Mice were studied by age group, including ages 0 to 1, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, 10 and 21 days. Three-dimensional reconstructions were created to visually compare differences. Morphometric measurements were made of the distal mouse external genitalia and compared across age groups, and between males and females.
resultsThe morphology of male and female mouse external genitalia is similar at 0 to 1 days but undergoes dramatic changes during 21 days. The changes include the development of mesenchymal extensions, which in males form the male urogenital mating protuberance and erectile bodies, as well as comparable structures in females. Differences in morphometric measurements in homologous males and females became pronounced during 0 to 21 days, serving as a baseline for recognizing the genesis of malformations of the mouse external genitalia.
conclusionsMale and female mouse external genitalia are similar morphologically and morphometrically at birth but achieve dramatic differences by age 21 days, suggesting that a significant portion of sexual differentiation in the mouse occurs after birth. We described these changes using novel, accurate morphometric measurements and 3-dimensional reconstruction. These results will be useful for studying abnormal sexual development of the mouse external genitalia.
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