ArticleBiochemical pharmacology2013
The insecticidal neurotoxin Aps III is an atypical knottin peptide that potently blocks insect voltage-gated sodium channels.
Article in Biochemical pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Synthesis of U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1, anToxicon: X · 2025Article
- Revealing the Diversity of Sequences, Structures, and Targets of Peptides from South China SeaMarine drugs · 2024Article
- Novel Scorpion Toxin ω-Buthitoxin-Hf1a Selectively Inhibits Calcium Influx via CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Strategies for Heterologous Expression, Synthesis, and Purification of Animal Venom Toxins.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Australian funnel-web spiders evolved human-lethal δ-hexatoxins for defense against vertebrate predators.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Structural venomics reveals evolution of a complex venom by duplication and diversification of an ancient peptide-encoding gene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Not so Dangerous After All? Venom Composition and Potency of the Pholcid (Daddy Long-Leg) SpiderFrontiers in ecology and evolution · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Chemical Strategies for Improving the Stability and Oral Toxicity of Insecticidal Peptides.Biomedicines · 2018Article
- Improved efficacy of an arthropod toxin expressing fungus against insecticide-resistant malaria-vector mosquitoes.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Insect-Active Toxins with Promiscuous Pharmacology from the African Theraphosid Spider Monocentropus balfouri.Toxins · 2017Article
- Article
- Isolation of two insecticidal toxins from venom of the Australian theraphosid spider Coremiocnemis tropix.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2016Article
- Molecular basis of the remarkable species selectivity of an insecticidal sodium channel toxin from the African spider Augacephalus ezendami.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- A distinct sodium channel voltage-sensor locus determines insect selectivity of the spider toxin Dc1a.Nature communications · 2014Article
- Molecular biology of insect sodium channels and pyrethroid resistance.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology · 2014Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
One of the most potent insecticidal venom peptides described to date is Aps III from the venom of the trapdoor spider Apomastus schlingeri. Aps III is highly neurotoxic to lepidopteran crop pests, making it a promising candidate for bioinsecticide development. However, its disulfide-connectivity, three-dimensional structure, and mode of action have not been determined. Here we show that recombinant Aps III (rAps III) is an atypical knottin peptide; three of the disulfide bridges form a classical inhibitor cystine knot motif while the fourth disulfide acts as a molecular staple that restricts the flexibility of an unusually large β hairpin loop that often houses the pharmacophore in this class of toxins. We demonstrate that the irreversible paralysis induced in insects by rAps III results from a potent block of insect voltage-gated sodium channels. Channel block by rAps III is voltage-independent insofar as it occurs without significant alteration in the voltage-dependence of channel activation or steady-state inactivation. Thus, rAps III appears to be a pore blocker that plugs the outer vestibule of insect voltage-gated sodium channels. This mechanism of action contrasts strikingly with virtually all other sodium channel modulators isolated from spider venoms that act as gating modifiers by interacting with one or more of the four voltage-sensing domains of the channel.
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