ReviewParkinsonism & related disorders2013
Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a review of the literature.
Review in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Motor function improvement and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a Bayesian network analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Pediatric neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation of Internal Globus Pallidus Region and Motor Cortex in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Trial
- Effect of Low Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Depression and Cognition of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Trial
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach for Veterans With Parkinson Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function, depression, and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as adjunctive treatment in Parkinson's disease: are we missing opportunities? An umbrella and scoping review.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Longitudinal dynamics of clinical and neurophysiological changes in parkinson's disease over four and a half years.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Treatment of Persistent Postconcussion Syndrome With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Biomarker of Response: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Central Neuropathic Pain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Commentary: Activation of Cortical Somatostatin Interneurons Rescues Synapse Loss and Motor Deficits After Acute MPTP Infusion.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Response to Letter to the Editor regarding "Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Naturalistic outcomes for younger versus older patients".Journal of affective disorders · 2018Article
- Rehabilitation Treatment and Progress of Traumatic Brain Injury Dysfunction.Neural plasticity · 2017Review
- Therapies for Parkinson's diseases: alternatives to current pharmacological interventions.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson's disease.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used in both physiological studies and, more recently, the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). Prior TMS studies in healthy subjects and other patient populations demonstrate a slight risk of seizures and other adverse events. Our goal was to estimate these risks and document other safety concerns specific to PD patients.
methodsWe performed an English-Language literature search through PudMed to review all TMS studies involving PD patients. We documented any seizures or other adverse events associated with these studies. Crude risks were calculated per subject and per session of TMS.
resultsWe identified 84 single pulse (spTMS) and/or paired-pulse (ppTMS) TMS studies involving 1091 patients and 77 repetitive TMS (rTMS) studies involving 1137 patients. Risk of adverse events was low in all protocols. spTMS and ppTMS risk per patient for any adverse event was 0.0018 (95% CI: 0.0002-0.0066) per patient and no seizures were encountered. Risk of an adverse event from rTMS was 0.040 (95% CI: 0.029-0.053) per patient and no seizures were reported. Other adverse events included transient headaches, scalp pain, tinnitus, nausea, increase in pre-existing pain, and muscle jerks. Transient worsening of Parkinsonian symptoms was noted in one study involving rTMS of the supplementary motor area (SMA).
conclusionWe conclude that current TMS and rTMS protocols do not pose significant risks to PD patients. We would recommend that TMS users in this population follow the most recent safety guidelines but do not warrant additional precautions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.