ArticleThe Journal of infection2013
Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK.
Article in The Journal of infection, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of seasonal viral acute respiratory infection with pneumococcal disease: a systematic review of population-based studies.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Diabetes mellitus and invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Temporal Changes in Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization Density Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza in a South African Household Cohort Study, 2016-2018.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care: Association of Sociodemographic Data and Clinical Outcomes with Viral and Bacterial Co-infections.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Severe Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children.International journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Influenza Activity in a Pediatric Population: Impact of PCV13 Vaccination in Pandemic and Nonpandemic Influenza Periods.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Estimated impact of revising the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule from 2+1 to 1+1 in England and Wales: A modelling study.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Estimating age-stratified influenza-associated invasive pneumococcal disease in England: A time-series model based on population surveillance data.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Unraveling the seasonal epidemiology of pneumococcus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Impact of viral upper respiratory tract infection on the concentration of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage among Kenyan children.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Influenza interaction with cocirculating pathogens and its impact on surveillance, pathogenesis, and epidemic profile: A key role for mathematical modelling.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- An agent-based model simulation of influenza interactions at the host level: insight into the influenza-related burden of pneumococcal infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Temporal cross-correlation between influenza-like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2017Article
- Invasive pneumococcal disease rates linked to meteorological factors and respiratory virus circulation (Catalonia, 2006-2012).BMC public health · 2016Article
- The role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of bacterial pneumonia: An ecological perspective.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2016Review
- Does Viral Co-Infection Influence the Severity of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children?PloS one · 2016Article
- Epidemiology, Seasonality and Treatment of Hospitalized Adults and Adolescents with Influenza in Jingzhou, China, 2010-2012.PloS one · 2016Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThe common seasonality of incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and viral respiratory infections has long been recognized, however, the extent to which this affects the association between the pathogens is unknown. We have analysed weekly surveillance data of IPD, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), using ambient temperature and hours of sunshine as measures of seasonality.
methodsReported cases of influenza, IPD and RSV, were collected in England and Wales, from week 1 (January) 1996 to week 23 (June) 2009. The associations between IPD and respiratory viral infections were analysed using several statistical methods, including correlation coefficients and both additive and multiplicative regression models.
results6-7.5% of cases of IPD are attributable to influenza and 3-4% attributable to RSV. Correlation coefficients reported considerably stronger associations between IPD and the viral infections compared to regression models.
conclusionsA small but potentially important percentage of IPD may be attributable to influenza and RSV when adjusted for seasonality by temperature. Jointly these viral infections may lead to over 10% of IPD cases. Therefore, prevention of viral respiratory infections may offer some additional benefit in reducing invasive pneumococcal infections.
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