ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2013
Cyclic di-GMP: the first 25 years of a universal bacterial second messenger.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 966 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
966 citing papers in PubMed, 1,693 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic Analysis of Three Independent Series of Sequential Cystic Fibrosis Strains in an International Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reference Panel Indicates Positive Selection in Late Infection Strains.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- STING agonist profiling by nucleotide library defines structural determinants of cyclic dinucleotide recognition.iScience · 2026Article
- H-NOX and NosP Regulate Flagellar Protein and Virulence Factor Production in Vibrio Cholerae.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- Roles of divalent metals in the regulation of cyclic di-GMP signaling in bacteria.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- The conserved Pss exopolysaccharide is a common component ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Biofilm state transitions: quorum sensing inhibition and network destabilization.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Biofunctional Surface Modification of Polymeric Implants for Biomedical Applications.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Review
- Cyclic di-GMP directly reprograms the multidrug resistance machinery via UspG-mediated sequestration of RamR in Klebsiella.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- TolC Is Required for a Mixed-Linkage β-Glucan (MLG) Biosynthesis: Engineering Bacteria for MLG Overproduction.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Deletion of the c-di-GMP Phosphodiesterase BpdB AttenuatesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- A bacterial ally for nitrogen-fixing biofilm: enhancing the rhizosphere colonization ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacteriophages hijack 2',3'-cNMPs to enhance transposase-mediated phage DNA integration inScience advances · 2026Article
- Microbial communication in saline environments: quorum sensing and the future of anaerobic wastewater treatment.BMC biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress inBiofilm · 2026Article
- c-di-GMP-mediated pause behavior enablesApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Study of the Relationship Between Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Biofilm-Forming Capacity in Pathogens Causing Chronic Wound Infections.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Quorum sensing for carbon-neutral wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, technological pathways, and future prospects.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2026Review
- D-amino acids inhibit biofilm formation in Escherichia coli and increase antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant bacteria.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
906 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3'→5') GMP (cyclic di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial cellulose synthase, c-di-GMP has emerged as one of the most common and important bacterial second messengers. Cyclic di-GMP has been shown to regulate biofilm formation, motility, virulence, the cell cycle, differentiation, and other processes. Most c-di-GMP-dependent signaling pathways control the ability of bacteria to interact with abiotic surfaces or with other bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Cyclic di-GMP plays key roles in lifestyle changes of many bacteria, including transition from the motile to the sessile state, which aids in the establishment of multicellular biofilm communities, and from the virulent state in acute infections to the less virulent but more resilient state characteristic of chronic infectious diseases. From a practical standpoint, modulating c-di-GMP signaling pathways in bacteria could represent a new way of controlling formation and dispersal of biofilms in medical and industrial settings. Cyclic di-GMP participates in interkingdom signaling. It is recognized by mammalian immune systems as a uniquely bacterial molecule and therefore is considered a promising vaccine adjuvant. The purpose of this review is not to overview the whole body of data in the burgeoning field of c-di-GMP-dependent signaling. Instead, we provide a historic perspective on the development of the field, emphasize common trends, and illustrate them with the best available examples. We also identify unresolved questions and highlight new directions in c-di-GMP research that will give us a deeper understanding of this truly universal bacterial second messenger.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.