Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
A randomized trial of candidate inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine versus trivalent influenza vaccines in children aged 3-17 years.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01196988 (Immunogenicity and Safety Study of GSK Biologicals' Influenza Vaccine GSK2321138A When Administered in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunogenicity and Safety Study of GSK Biologicals' Influenza Vaccine GSK2321138A When Administered in Children
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children and adolescents 6 months through 17 years of age in India.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of the first indigenously developed Indian tetravalent influenza vaccine (split virion) in healthy children (6 months to 17 years of age): a randomized, multicenter, phase III clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Anamnestic Immune Response and Safety of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Primed Versus Vaccine-Naïve Children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Trial
- Assessment of an optimized manufacturing process for inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, safety and immunogenicity study in children and adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an Egg-Cultivated Quadrivalent Inactivated Split-virion Influenza Vaccine (GC3110A) in Healthy Korean Children: a Randomized, Double-blinded, Active-controlled Phase III Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2018Trial
- Time to Change Dosing of Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Young Children: Evidence From a Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2017Trial
- Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in US Children 6-35 Months of Age During 2013-2014: Results From A Phase II Randomized Trial.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2016Trial
- Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Administered Intramuscularly to Children 6 to 35 Months of Age in 2012-2013: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Multicenter, Multicountry, Clinical Trial.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2015Trial
- A randomized controlled study to evaluate the immunogenicity of a trivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine at two dosages in children 6 to 35 months of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2013Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of Southern Hemisphere inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a Phase III, open-label study of adults in Brazil.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesTrial
- Reactogenicity of an Inactivated, Split-Virion Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Infants and Children Aged ≥6 Months to <9 Years.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Boosting the influenza vaccine schedule in children with cancer: a prospective open-label study.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Phase I Clinical Study of the Subunit Betulin-Adjuvanted Tetravalent Candidate Influenza Vaccine TetraFluBet.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of a novel quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine in animal models.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Article
- Clinical practice guidelines 2019: Indian consensus-based recommendations on influenza vaccination in adults.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2020Article
- [The universal influenza vaccination in children with Vaxigrip TetraJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTwo antigenically distinct influenza B lineages have cocirculated since 2001, yet trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) contain 1 influenza B antigen, meaning lineage mismatch with the vaccine is frequent. We assessed a candidate inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) containing both B lineages vs TIV in healthy children aged 3-17 years.
methodsChildren were randomized 1:1:1 to receive QIV or 1 of 2 TIVs (either B/Victoria or B/Yamagata lineage; N = 2738). Hemagglutination-inhibition assays were performed 28 days after 1 or 2 doses in primed and unprimed children, respectively. Immunological noninferiority of QIV vs TIV against shared strains, and superiority against alternate-lineage B strains was based on geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion rates. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01196988).
resultsNoninferiority against shared strains and superiority against alternate-lineage B strains was demonstrated for QIV vs TIV. QIV was highly immunogenic; seroconversion rates were 91.4%, 72.3%, 70.0%, and 72.5% against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata, respectively. Reactogenicity and safety of QIV was consistent with TIV.
conclusionsQIV vs TIV showed superior immunogenicity for the additional B strain without interfering with immune responses to shared strains. QIV may offer improved protection against influenza B in children compared with current trivalent vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.