ArticleThe British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science2013
Common mental disorders, neighbourhood income inequality and income deprivation: small-area multilevel analysis.
Article in The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between income inequality and adult mental health at the subnational level-a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of household and neighbourhood attributes on four definitions of multimorbidity: a comparative multilevel analysis of linked clinical and census data of Wales.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Urban mental health: a position paper of the European psychiatric association.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Neighborhood income inequality, maternal relative deprivation and neonatal health in Sweden: A cross-sectional study using individually defined multi-scale contexts.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- [Effects of Television Screen Exposure on the Mental Health of Middle-aged and Older Adults].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Article
- Perspectives in poverty and mental health.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Investigating geographical variation in the use of mental health services by area of England: a cross-sectional ecological study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Agricultural wealth better predicts mental wellbeing than market wealth among highly vulnerable households in Haiti: Evidence for the benefits of a multidimensional approach to poverty.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2020Article
- [Poverty, migration and mental health].Der Nervenarzt · 2019Review
- Inequality within a community at the neighborhood level and the incidence of mood disorders in Japan: a multilevel analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Article
- Social Determinants and Disparities in Active Aging Among Older Taiwanese.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Income inequality and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association and a scoping review of mechanisms.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2018Article
- Area-level income inequality and oral health among Australian adults-A population-based multilevel study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Neighborhood income and major depressive disorder in a large Dutch population: results from the LifeLines Cohort study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Article
- Investigating 'place effects' on mental health: implications for population-based studies in psychiatry.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2015Article
- Individual and socioeconomic contextual effects on depressive symptom in Korea: multilevel analysis of cross-sectional nationwide survey.Journal of Korean medical science · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCommon mental disorders are more prevalent in areas of high neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation but whether the prevalence varies with neighbourhood income inequality is not known.
aimsTo investigate the hypothesis that the interaction between small-area income deprivation and income inequality was associated with individual mental health.
methodMultilevel analysis of population data from the Welsh Health Survey, 2003/04-2010. A total of 88,623 respondents aged 18-74 years were nested within 50,587 households within 1887 lower super output areas (neighbourhoods) and 22 unitary authorities (regions), linked to the Gini coefficient (income inequality) and the per cent of households living in poverty (income deprivation). Mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory MHI-5 as a discrete variable and as a 'case' of common mental disorder.
resultsHigh neighbourhood income inequality was associated with better mental health in low-deprivation neighbourhoods after adjusting for individual and household risk factors (parameter estimate +0.70 (s.e. = 0.33), P = 0.036; odds ratio (OR) for common mental disorder case 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97). Income inequality at regional level was significantly associated with poorer mental health (parameter estimate -1.35 (s.e. = 0.54), P = 0.012; OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22).
conclusionsThe associations between common mental disorders, income inequality and income deprivation are complex. Income inequality at neighbourhood level is less important than income deprivation as a risk factor for common mental disorders. The adverse effect of income inequality starts to operate at the larger regional level.
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