ArticlePloS one2013
On the origin of rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of environment and genes--a population based twin study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypomethylation of the HumanArchives of Iranian medicine · 2026Article
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Innovative Therapeutic Advancements.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review.Annals of clinical biochemistry · 2025Review
- The Ability of Indigenous Plants in Alleviating Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review.Current rheumatology reviews · 2025Review
- Nature's Pharmacy: Herbal Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.Current rheumatology reviews · 2025Review
- Low-frequency and rare genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Article
- Differentially methylation of IFI44L gene promoter in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- Disease mechanisms in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis: A narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Etiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A State-of-the-Art Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Altered Antibody Response to Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Subjects Predisposed to the Disease. A Twin Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Genomic imprinting analyses identify maternal effects as a cause of phenotypic variability in type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Restoring synovial homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
- Toward Earlier Diagnosis Using Combined eHealth Tools in Rheumatology: The Joint Pain Assessment Scoring Tool (JPAST) Project.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Article
- Review
- Individuals at risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: the evolving story.Journal of internal medicine · 2019Review
- The Danish Twin Registry: An Updated Overview.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2019Article
- Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Mechanisms ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Detection and characterization of bacterial nucleic acids in culture-negative synovial tissue and fluid samples from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis patients.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Shared epitope-aryl hydrocarbon receptor crosstalk underlies the mechanism of gene-environment interaction in autoimmune arthritis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a complex origin. Previous studies have reported heritability estimates on RA at about 60%. Only 16% of the genetic background of the disease has been disclosed so far. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide an optimized estimate on the heritability of RA and to study the recurrence risk in a nationwide Caucasian twin population. METHODS AND
findingsIn a mail survey addressed to 56.707 twin individuals, RA was reported by 479 individuals, mean age 52 (range 16-73). Respondents underwent an interview and clinical examination. Ascertainment probability was 80%. RA was confirmed in 162 twin individuals yielding a prevalence at 0.37% (95% CI 0.31-0.43). The mean discordance time was 19 years (range 0-57). The concordance was 9.1% (95% CI 1.9 to 24.3) in MZ, 6.4% (95% CI 2.1 to 14.3) in DZss. The increased relative risk of attracting RA conditioned on having an affected cotwin compared to the background population risk was 24.6 to 35.4 in MZ twins and 17.3 to 31.6 in DZss twins. The correlation coefficients were 0.60 (0.33 to 0.78) in monozygotic (MZ) and 0.55 (0.33 to 0.72) in dizygotic same sexed (DZss) pairs. Twelve percent (95% CI 0-76%) of the phenotypic variance in the liability to RA was due to additive genetic effects, 50% (95% CI 0-72%) to shared environmental effects and 38% (95% CI 17-61%) to non-shared environmental effects.
conclusionsThis study emphasizes that family factors are important for the development of RA. Although genetic effectors are important, shared and non-shared environmental triggers and/or epigenetic stochastic events seem to be even more significant. However, it should be borne in mind that the genetic and non-genetic components may not be the same across disease subsets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.