ArticlePloS one2013
The association between serum biomarkers and disease outcome in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection: results of two international observational cohort studies.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Characteristics of Stroke with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2020Pooled it
- Hospitalization Fatality Risk of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2015Pooled it
- Landscape of coordinated immune responses to H1N1 challenge in humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Cytokine Dynamics in Severe COVID-19 vs. Influenza A Elderly Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Retrospective study on the correlation between biochemical and blood routine indexes and prognosis in elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1).Virus research · 2025Article
- Divergent biological pathways distinguish community-acquired pneumonia from COVID-19 despite similar plasma cytokine profiles.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Viral-associated septic shock in pediatric pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of pathogen-specific risks and comparative clinical features with bacterial sepsis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Biomarkers associated with vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease following influenza A virus infection in swine.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2024Article
- Anti-Influenza A Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Design and Analytical Strategy for Monitoring Disease Positivity and Biomarker Levels in Accessible Closed Populations.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Predictive Value of IL-6 and Lymphocyte Subsets for Death in Children With Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy A Retrospective Study.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- A spatial sequencing atlas of age-induced changes in the lung during influenza infection.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Venous thromboembolism in viral diseases: A comprehensive literature review.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Additional risk factors improve mortality prediction for patients hospitalized with influenza pneumonia: a retrospective, single-center case-control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of Biomarkers in Influenza and COVID-19 Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Current Challenges and Solutions for Clinical Management and Care of People with HIV: Findings from the 12th Annual International HIV and Aging Workshop.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Respiratory viruses: their importance and lessons learned from COVID-19.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 13 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProspective studies establishing the temporal relationship between the degree of inflammation and human influenza disease progression are scarce. To assess predictors of disease progression among patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, 25 inflammatory biomarkers measured at enrollment were analyzed in two international observational cohort studies.
methodsAmong patients with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, odds ratios (ORs) estimated by logistic regression were used to summarize the associations of biomarkers measured at enrollment with worsened disease outcome or death after 14 days of follow-up for those seeking outpatient care (FLU 002) or after 60 days for those hospitalized with influenza complications (FLU 003). Biomarkers that were significantly associated with progression in both studies (p<0.05) or only in one (p<0.002 after Bonferroni correction) were identified.
resultsIn FLU 002 28/528 (5.3%) outpatients had influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection that progressed to a study endpoint of complications, hospitalization or death, whereas in FLU 003 28/170 (16.5%) inpatients enrolled from the general ward and 21/39 (53.8%) inpatients enrolled directly from the ICU experienced disease progression. Higher levels of 12 of the 25 markers were significantly associated with subsequent disease progression. Of these, 7 markers (IL-6, CD163, IL-10, LBP, IL-2, MCP-1, and IP-10), all with ORs for the 3(rd) versus 1(st) tertile of 2.5 or greater, were significant (p<0.05) in both outpatients and inpatients. In contrast, five markers (sICAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α, D-dimer, and sVCAM-1), all with ORs for the 3(rd) versus 1(st) tertile greater than 3.2, were significantly (p≤.002) associated with disease progression among hospitalized patients only.
conclusionsIn patients presenting with varying severities of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, a baseline elevation in several biomarkers associated with inflammation, coagulation, or immune function strongly predicted a higher risk of disease progression. It is conceivable that interventions designed to abrogate these baseline elevations might affect disease outcome.
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