ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
Mutualistic co-evolution of type III effector genes in Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phosphorylation of rhizobial effector NopZ by soybean NORK promotes association with NENA and enhances nodulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Symbiosis Islands of Bradyrhizobium Determine Relationships with Host Legumes Lespedeza cuneata and Glycine max.Microbes and environments · 2026Article
- The chemical interaction between plants and the rhizosphere microbiome.Trends in plant science · 2025Review
- Article
- Pangenome analysis indicates evolutionary origins and genetic diversity: emphasis on the role of nodulation in symbioticFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Insights into the Early Steps of the Symbiotic Interaction between Soybean (Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2024Article
- The role of microbial interactions on rhizobial fitness.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- The Rhizobial Type 3 Secretion System: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effector-triggered inhibition of nodulation: A rhizobial effector protease targets soybean kinase GmPBS1-1.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Phenotypic and genomic signatures of interspecies cooperation and conflict in naturally occurring isolates of a model plant symbiont.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Silicon Controls Bacterial Wilt Disease in Tomato Plants and Inhibits the Virulence-Related Gene Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Type III Effectome of the SymbioticBiomolecules · 2021Article
- Identification of type III effectors modulating the symbiotic properties of Bradyrhizobium vignae strain ORS3257 with various Vigna species.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Comparative genomics reveals high rates of horizontal transfer and strong purifying selection on rhizobial symbiosis genes.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary dynamics ofMicrobial genomics · 2020Article
- Structural and enzymatic characterisation of the Type III effector NopAA (=GunA) from Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 reveals a Xyloglucan hydrolase activity.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Identification ofGenes · 2020Article
- Lotus Accessions Possess Multiple Checkpoints Triggered by Different Type III Secretion System Effectors of the Wide-Host-Range Symbiont Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61.Microbes and environments · 2020Article
- Classical Soybean (International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two diametric paradigms have been proposed to model the molecular co-evolution of microbial mutualists and their eukaryotic hosts. In one, mutualist and host exhibit an antagonistic arms race and each partner evolves rapidly to maximize their own fitness from the interaction at potential expense of the other. In the opposing model, conflicts between mutualist and host are largely resolved and the interaction is characterized by evolutionary stasis. We tested these opposing frameworks in two lineages of mutualistic rhizobia, Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. To examine genes demonstrably important for host-interactions we coupled the mining of genome sequences to a comprehensive functional screen for type III effector genes, which are necessary for many Gram-negative pathogens to infect their hosts. We demonstrate that the rhizobial type III effector genes exhibit a surprisingly high degree of conservation in content and sequence that is in contrast to those of a well characterized plant pathogenic species. This type III effector gene conservation is particularly striking in the context of the relatively high genome-wide diversity of rhizobia. The evolution of rhizobial type III effectors is inconsistent with the molecular arms race paradigm. Instead, our results reveal that these loci are relatively static in rhizobial lineages and suggest that fitness conflicts between rhizobia mutualists and their host plants have been largely resolved.
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