ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
Increased functional stability and homogeneity of viral envelope spikes through directed evolution.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reconstructing a Missing Link of HIV-1 Assembly: HIV-1 Envelope-Matrix Interactions in a Native Viral Context.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structure of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein on virions reveals an alternative fusion subunit organization and native membrane coupling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Inducible cell lines producing replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus particles containing envelope glycoproteins stabilized in a pretriggered conformation.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Membrane HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins stabilized more strongly in a pretriggered conformation than natural virus Envs.iScience · 2024Article
- Alterations in gp120 glycans or the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region modulate the stability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein pretriggered conformation.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Trapping the HIV-1 V3 loop in a helical conformation enables broad neutralization.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023Article
- Structure-Based Stabilization of SOSIP Env Enhances Recombinant Ectodomain Durability and Yield.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Article
- SERINC5 Restricts HIV-1 Infectivity by Promoting Conformational Changes and Accelerating Functional Inactivation of Env.Viruses · 2022Article
- Regulation of epitope exposure in the gp41 membrane-proximal external region through interactions at the apex of HIV-1 Env.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Article
- Convergent HIV-1 Evolution upon Targeted Destabilization of the gp120-gp41 Interface.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Focal accumulation of aromaticity at the CDRH3 loop mitigates 4E10 polyreactivity without altering its HIV neutralization profile.iScience · 2021Article
- Membrane Env Liposomes Facilitate Immunization with Multivalent Full-Length HIV Spikes.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Affinity for the Interface Underpins Potency of Antibodies Operating In Membrane Environments.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Identification of HIV-1 Envelope Mutations that Enhance Entry Using Macaque CD4 and CCR5.Viruses · 2020Article
- One-step sequence and structure-guided optimization of HIV-1 envelope gp140.Current research in structural biology · 2020Article
- An MPER antibody neutralizes HIV-1 using germline features shared among donors.Nature communications · 2019Article
- HIV-1 anchor inhibitors and membrane fusion inhibitors target distinct but overlapping steps in virus entry.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The functional HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, the target of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (Abs), is innately labile and coexists with non-native forms of Env. This lability and heterogeneity in Env has been associated with its tendency to elicit non-neutralizing Abs. Here, we use directed evolution to overcome instability and heterogeneity of a primary Env spike. HIV-1 virions were subjected to iterative cycles of destabilization followed by replication to select for Envs with enhanced stability. Two separate pools of stable Env variants with distinct sequence changes were selected using this method. Clones isolated from these viral pools could withstand heat, denaturants and other destabilizing conditions. Seven mutations in Env were associated with increased trimer stability, primarily in the heptad repeat regions of gp41, but also in V1 of gp120. Combining the seven mutations generated a variant Env with superior homogeneity and stability. This variant spike moreover showed resistance to proteolysis and to dissociation by detergent. Heterogeneity within the functional population of hyper-stable Envs was also reduced, as evidenced by a relative decrease in a proportion of virus that is resistant to the neutralizing Ab, PG9. The latter result may reflect a change in glycans on the stabilized Envs. The stabilizing mutations also increased the proportion of secreted gp140 existing in a trimeric conformation. Finally, several Env-stabilizing substitutions could stabilize Env spikes from HIV-1 clades A, B and C. Spike stabilizing mutations may be useful in the development of Env immunogens that stably retain native, trimeric structure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.