ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
The apoptogenic toxin AIP56 is a metalloprotease A-B toxin that cleaves NF-κb P65.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ex vivo Approach in European Seabass Leucocytes Supports the in vitro Regulation by Postbiotics of Aip56 Gene Expression of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Experimental horizontal transfer of phage-derived genes to Drosophila confers innate immunity to parasitoids.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Exploring protein-protein ligation approaches for the cytosolic delivery of antigens using AIP56.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Pore-Forming Toxin-Like Proteins in the Anti-Parasitoid Immune Response of Drosophila.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Article
- AIP56, an AB toxin secreted byFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Unconventional structure and mechanisms for membrane interaction and translocation of the NF-κB-targeting toxin AIP56.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Evolution of insect innate immunity through domestication of bacterial toxins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Characterization and Vaccine Potential of Outer Membrane Vesicles fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Virulence Genes and In Vitro Antibiotic Profile ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- The Evolution of a Specialized, Highly Virulent Fish Pathogen through Gene Loss and Acquisition of Host-Specific Survival Mechanisms.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- A Highly Unstable and Elusive Plasmid That Encodes the Type III Secretion System Is Necessary for Full Virulence in the Marine Fish PathogenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Susceptibility of Sea Bream (Toxins · 2022Article
- Short-Term Immune Responses of Gilthead Seabream (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Host manipulation by bacterial type III and type IV secretion system effector proteases.Cellular microbiology · 2021Review
- Horizontal Transfer of Microbial Toxin Genes to Gall Midge Genomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Article
- Methionine and Tryptophan Play Different Modulatory Roles in the European Seabass (Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- A M35 family metalloprotease is required for fungal virulence against insects by inactivating host prophenoloxidases and beyond.Virulence · 2020Article
- Involvement of Hsp90 and cyclophilins in intoxication by AIP56, a metalloprotease toxin from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Structure-function analyses of the bacterial zinc metalloprotease effector protein GtgA uncover key residues required for deactivating NF-κB.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIP56 (apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa) is a major virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative pathogen that causes septicemic infections, which are among the most threatening diseases in mariculture. The toxin triggers apoptosis of host macrophages and neutrophils through a process that, in vivo, culminates with secondary necrosis of the apoptotic cells contributing to the necrotic lesions observed in the diseased animals. Here, we show that AIP56 is a NF-κB p65-cleaving zinc-metalloprotease whose catalytic activity is required for the apoptogenic effect. Most of the bacterial effectors known to target NF-κB are type III secreted effectors. In contrast, we demonstrate that AIP56 is an A-B toxin capable of acting at distance, without requiring contact of the bacteria with the target cell. We also show that the N-terminal domain cleaves NF-κB at the Cys(39)-Glu(40) peptide bond and that the C-terminal domain is involved in binding and internalization into the cytosol.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.