ArticleJournal of virology2013
The source of the PB1 gene in influenza vaccine reassortants selectively alters the hemagglutinin content of the resulting seed virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- PB1 mutations as key drivers of influenza A virus evolution.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A High-Yield Recombinant Inactivated Whole-Virion Nasal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Vaccine with an Attenuated PB2 Gene.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development of an Enhanced High-Yield Influenza Vaccine Backbone in Embryonated Chicken Eggs.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Homologous PB1 gene promotes the replication efficiency of avian influenza H7N4 candidate vaccine virus.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Selection of an Optimal Recombinant Egyptian H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Strain for Poultry with High Antigenicity and Safety.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Gene Segment Interactions Can Drive the Emergence of Dominant Yet Suboptimal Gene Constellations During Influenza Virus Reassortment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Organization of the Influenza A Virus Genomic RNA in the Viral Replication Cycle-Structure, Interactions, and Implications for the Emergence of New Strains.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- The structure of the influenza A virus genome.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Mutation of Influenza A Virus PA-X Decreases Pathogenicity in Chicken Embryos and Can Increase the Yield of Reassortant Candidate Vaccine Viruses.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- A Y161F Hemagglutinin Substitution Increases Thermostability and Improves Yields of 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Virus in Cells.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of influenza B viruses on a global scale.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Bayesian phylogeography of influenza A/H3N2 for the 2014-15 season in the United States using three frameworks of ancestral state reconstruction.PLoS computational biology · 2017Article
- Article
- Reassortment compatibility between PB1, PB2, and HA genes of the two influenza B virus lineages in mammalian cells.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Reassortment between influenza B lineages and the emergence of a coadapted PB1-PB2-HA gene complex.Molecular biology and evolution · 2015Article
- Identification of Influenza A/PR/8/34 Donor Viruses Imparting High Hemagglutinin Yields to Candidate Vaccine Viruses in Eggs.PloS one · 2015Article
- Influenza virus PB1 and neuraminidase gene segments can cosegregate during vaccine reassortment driven by interactions in the PB1 coding region.Journal of virology · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The yields of egg-grown influenza vaccines are maximized by the production of a seed strain using a reassortment of the seasonal influenza virus isolate with a highly egg-adapted strain. The seed virus is selected based on high yields of viral hemagglutinin (HA) and expression of the surface antigens from the seasonal isolate. The remaining proteins are usually derived from the high-growth parent. However, a retrospective analysis of vaccine seeds revealed that the seasonal PB1 gene was selected in more than 50% of reassortment events. Using the model seasonal H3N2 virus A/Udorn/307/72 (Udorn) virus and the high-growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, we assessed the influence of the source of the PB1 gene on virus growth and vaccine yield. Classical reassortment of these two strains led to the selection of viruses that predominantly had the Udorn PB1 gene. The presence of Udorn PB1 in the seed virus, however, did not result in higher yields of virus or HA compared to the yields in the corresponding seed virus with PR8 PB1. The 8-fold-fewer virions produced with the seed virus containing the Udorn PB1 were somewhat compensated for by a 4-fold increase in HA per virion. A higher HA/nucleoprotein (NP) ratio was found in past vaccine preparations when the seasonal PB1 was present, also indicative of a higher HA density in these vaccine viruses. As the HA viral RNA (vRNA) and mRNA levels in infected cells were similar, we propose that PB1 selectively alters the translation of viral mRNA. This study helps to explain the variability of vaccine seeds with respect to HA yield.
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