ArticleJournal of virology2013
The spike protein of the emerging betacoronavirus EMC uses a novel coronavirus receptor for entry, can be activated by TMPRSS2, and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 246 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
246 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 350 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal host factors regulating SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and seasonal HCoVs.Nature genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Tissue-specific alterations in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression following gender-affirming hormone therapy: a preliminary study.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Repurposing screens reveal a role for PKCη and NF1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Lock out: targeting TMPRSS2 to block influenza and coronaviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Q1020R in the spike proteins of MERS-CoV from Arabian camels confers resistance against soluble human DPP4.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- In Silico Analysis of CMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From zoonotic spillover to endemicity: the broad determinants of human coronavirus tropism.mBio · 2025Review
- Simulations and active learning enable efficient identification of an experimentally-validated broad coronavirus inhibitor.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- Acquisition of a multibasic cleavage site does not increase MERS-CoV entry into Calu-3 human lung cells.Journal of virology · 2024Article
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- Structure defining of ultrapotent neutralizing nanobodies against MERS-CoV with novel epitopes on receptor binding domain.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- TMPRSS2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake boosts innate immune activation, enhances cytopathology, and drives convergent virus evolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Long COVID Definition, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Epidemiology and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Efficacy of host cell serine protease inhibitor MM3122 against SARS-CoV-2 for treatment and prevention of COVID-19.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- On the origins of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
186 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The novel human coronavirus EMC (hCoV-EMC), which recently emerged in Saudi Arabia, is highly pathogenic and could pose a significant threat to public health. The elucidation of hCoV-EMC interactions with host cells is critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this virus and to the identification of targets for antiviral intervention. Here we investigated the viral and cellular determinants governing hCoV-EMC entry into host cells. We found that the spike protein of hCoV-EMC (EMC-S) is incorporated into lentiviral particles and mediates transduction of human cell lines derived from different organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and colon, as well as primary human macrophages. Expression of the known coronavirus receptors ACE2, CD13, and CEACAM1 did not facilitate EMC-S-driven transduction, suggesting that hCoV-EMC uses a novel receptor for entry. Directed protease expression and inhibition analyses revealed that TMPRSS2 and endosomal cathepsins activate EMC-S for virus-cell fusion and constitute potential targets for antiviral intervention. Finally, EMC-S-driven transduction was abrogated by serum from an hCoV-EMC-infected patient, indicating that EMC-S-specific neutralizing antibodies can be generated in patients. Collectively, our results indicate that hCoV-EMC uses a novel receptor for protease-activated entry into human cells and might be capable of extrapulmonary spread. In addition, they define TMPRSS2 and cathepsins B and L as potential targets for intervention and suggest that neutralizing antibodies contribute to the control of hCoV-EMC infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.