ArticleNature communications2013
Aldara activates TLR7-independent immune defence.
Article in Nature communications, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage INSIG1 deficiency drives psoriasiform dermatitis via the SREBP2-STAT1 axis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dissecting the role of imiquimod and isostearic acid in Aldara-induced psoriasis mouse model.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- Secondary Exposure to IMQ or Irritants Enhances Psoriasiform Recurrence Through Inflammatory Memory.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Programmed cell death of keratinocytes: an active driver in psoriasis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Advances in Targeted and Immunotherapy for High-Risk Cutaneous Malignancies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of cutaneous features of psoriasis in acute and chronic imiquimod-induced mouse models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- p62 mRNA suppresses NLRP1 expression in cutaneous SCC cells through miR-34a-5p.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Psoriasis: A Multidimensional Review of Onset, Progression, Treatment, and the Evolution of Disease Models.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Systemic IFN-I Synergizes with Topical TLR7/8 Agonists to Suppress Metastatic Tumors.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Downregulation of semaphorin 4A in keratinocytes reflects the features of non-lesional psoriasis.eLife · 2024Article
- The Protective Effects of Mcl-1 on Mitochondrial Damage and Oxidative Stress in Imiquimod-Induced Cancer Cell Death.Cancers · 2024Article
- Improvement effects of a novel Chinese herbal formula in imiquimod and IL-23-stimulated mouse models of psoriasis.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Glutamine promotes human CD8iScience · 2024Article
- T-cell stimulating vaccines empower CD3 bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumors.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Imiquimod-induced pruritus in female wild-type and knockin Wistar rats: underscoring behavioral scratching in a rat model for antipruritic treatments.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- The Immune Microenvironment in Basal Cell Carcinoma.Annals of dermatology · 2023Review
- Alleviation of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like symptoms in Rorα-deficient mouse skin.BMB reports · 2023Article
- Lessons of Vascular Specialization From Secondary Lymphoid Organ Lymphatic Endothelial Cells.Circulation research · 2023Review
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aldara is a cream used for topical treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer, and is thought to act through stimulation of anti-tumour immunity. The active ingredient, imiquimod, has been shown to stimulate toll-like receptor 7. Aldara also induces psoriasis-like lesions when applied to naive murine skin, and as such is used as a mouse model for psoriasis. Here we find that in naive murine skin, Aldara induces inflammation largely independently of toll-like receptor 7. Surprisingly, inflammasome activation, keratinocyte death and interleukin 1 release also occur in response to the vehicle cream in the absence of imiquimod. We show that isostearic acid, a major component of the vehicle, promotes inflammasome activation in cultured keratinocytes, and so may contribute to the observed effects of Aldara on murine skin. Aldara therefore stimulates at least two immune pathways independently, and both imiquimod and vehicle are required for a full inflammatory response. Although it remains to be tested, it is possible that imiquimod-independent effects also contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of Aldara.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.