ArticleNature communications2013
Human hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone levels are linked to emotion and social interaction.
Article in Nature communications, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Digital Addiction Training on University Students' Digital Addiction, Sleep Quality, and Orexin-A Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Overnight Dynamics of Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-Beta, Lactate and Hypocretin in Patients With Hydrocephalus: A Pilot Study.Journal of sleep research · 2026Observational
- Therapeutic potential of targeting the orexin (hypocretin) system in sleep disorders.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Insights into neuroscience from the representative birth cohort samples of a multidisciplinary longitudinal study.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Review
- Human narcolepsy is linked to degeneration of both locus coeruleus and hypocretin neurons.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Sampling Probes Microfabricated from Parylene‑C for In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring.ACS measurement science au · 2025Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting depression in middle-aged and elderly cancer patients in China: a study based on the CHARLS cohort.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin shape social affective behavior via action in the insular cortex of rat.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Narcolepsy and rapid eye movement sleep.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- The Complexly Parcellated, Yet Quantitatively Reduced, Orexinergic/Hypocretinergic System of Humans.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2025Article
- Neuropeptidergic systems in psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The Role and Mechanisms of the Hypocretin System in Zebrafish (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Opioid-induced neuroanatomical, microglial and behavioral changes are blocked by suvorexant without diminishing opioid analgesia.Nature. Mental health · 2024Article
- Review
- Glutamatergic signaling from melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons: A requirement for memory regulation, but not for metabolism control.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Exploratory Rearing Is Governed by Hypothalamic Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons According to Locus Ceruleus.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Orexins/Hypocretins: Gatekeepers of Social Interaction and Motivation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The neurochemical changes underlying human emotions and social behaviour are largely unknown. Here we report on the changes in the levels of two hypothalamic neuropeptides, hypocretin-1 and melanin-concentrating hormone, measured in the human amygdala. We show that hypocretin-1 levels are maximal during positive emotion, social interaction and anger, behaviours that induce cataplexy in human narcoleptics. In contrast, melanin-concentrating hormone levels are minimal during social interaction, but are increased after eating. Both peptides are at minimal levels during periods of postoperative pain despite high levels of arousal. Melanin-concentrating hormone levels increase at sleep onset, consistent with a role in sleep induction, whereas hypocretin-1 levels increase at wake onset, consistent with a role in wake induction. Levels of these two peptides in humans are not simply linked to arousal, but rather to specific emotions and state transitions. Other arousal systems may be similarly emotionally specialized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.