Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2013
Comparison of nicotine and carcinogen exposure with water pipe and cigarette smoking.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Smokeless Tobacco Use and Waterpipe Smoking and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Epidemiological Evidence.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Pooled it
- Cancer risk in waterpipe smokers: a meta-analysis.International journal of public health · 2017Pooled it
- Differences in exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds between Black and White cigarette smokers.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2021Trial
- Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid, a Biomarker of the Smoke Toxicant Acrylonitrile, Clearly Distinguishes Smokers From Nonsmokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Different profiles of carcinogen exposure in Chinese compared with US cigarette smokers.Tobacco control · 2015Trial
- Comparison of effects of charcoal versus electric heating of waterpipe tobacco on carbon monoxide levels: Cardiovascular measures; benzene, pyrene, and nicotine uptake; and subjective reactions.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Waterpipe smoking and risk of cardiovascular disease mortality: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Laboratory Analysis of FecalHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Indoor Air Pollutants of PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide, Nicotine, and Carcinogens in Waterpipe Bars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- The impact of chronic exposure to cigarette and waterpipe smoke extracts on telomeres, telomerase, and cancer progression.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- High levels of urinary naphthalene metabolites measured in a sample of California schoolchildren: a call to expand monitoring and identify exposure sources.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Emissions from conventional and electronic waterpipes relative to cigarettes and a heated tobacco product.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronic Exposure to Two Regimens of Waterpipe Smoke Elicits Lung Injury, Genotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Impairment with the Involvement of MAPKs Activation in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Factors associated with shisha smoking: Results from a cross-sectional telephone-based survey among the general population adults in Nigeria.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Relationship between tobacco use and body mass index- a propensity score matching analysis of an indian National Survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Factors Affecting Cancer Mortality in Young Adults: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.Cancers · 2024Article
- Toxicity of waterpipe tobacco smoking: the role of flavors, sweeteners, humectants, and charcoal.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Review
- Effect of heavy cigarette and water pipe smoking on antioxidants and lipids in Sudanese male smokers: a case-control study.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Do Not Miss Acute Diffuse Panbronchiolitis for Tree-in-Bud: Case Series of a Rare Lung Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Overactive bladder syndrome in nulliparous female university students: prevalence and risk factors including waterpipe smoking.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking tobacco preparations in a water pipe (hookah) is widespread in many places of the world and is perceived by many as relatively safe. We investigated biomarkers of toxicant exposure with water pipe compared with cigarette smoking.
methodsWe conducted a crossover study to assess daily nicotine and carcinogen exposure with water pipe and cigarette smoking in 13 people who were experienced in using both products.
resultsWhen smoking an average of 3 water pipe sessions compared with smoking 11 cigarettes per day (cpd), water pipe use was associated with a significantly lower intake of nicotine, greater exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), and a different pattern of carcinogen exposure compared with cigarette smoking, with greater exposure to benzene, and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), but less exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, and low molecular weight PAHs.
conclusionsA different pattern of carcinogen exposure might result in a different cancer risk profile between cigarette and water pipe smoking. Of particular concern is the risk of leukemia related to high levels of benzene exposure with water pipe use. IMPACT: Smoking tobacco in water pipes has gained popularity in the United States and around the world. Many believe that water pipe smoking is not addictive and less harmful than cigarette smoking. We provide data on toxicant exposure that will help guide regulation and public education regarding water pipe health risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.