ArticleMucosal immunology2013
Fundamental role for HIF-1α in constitutive expression of human β defensin-1.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiota in eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Pooled it
- HIF-1α at the intersection of hypoxia, ferroptosis-associated stress, and cell death crosstalk in osteomyelitis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Insights Into the HIF-1α-Mediated NLRP3 Pyroptosis Pathway in the Regulation of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the High-Altitude Environment.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The ethnicity and gut microbiota hypothesis: analyzing multifactorial interactions and their health implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Modifying microbially derived short chain fatty acids to promote health.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- T cell-specific HIF-2α attenuates colitis by antagonizing notch-driven Th2 differentiations.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Hypoxia and Multilineage Communication in 3D Organoids for Human Disease Modeling.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AhR-Dependent Induction of β-Defensin 1 in Colonic Epithelial Cells Regulates Cross-Talk between Gut Microbiota and Immune Response Leading to Attenuation of Colitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Unraveling the pathogenesis and prevention strategies of acute high-altitude illness through gut microecology.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Review
- LAT1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is unresponsive to HIF-1/2α accumulation under experimental hypoxia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hypoxia-Induced Signaling in Gut and Liver Pathobiology.Annual review of pathology · 2024Review
- Mimicry of microbially-derived butyrate reveals templates for potent intestinal epithelial HIF stabilizers.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes are Effective for Radiation Enteritis and Essential for the Proliferation and Differentiation of Lgr5Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Roxadustat: Do we know all the answers?Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Review
- The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in hepatic lipid metabolism.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Small nucleolar RNAs and SNHGs in the intestinal mucosal barrier: Emerging insights and current roles.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Article
- Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are secreted by the intestinal epithelium to defend from microbial threats. The role of human β defensin-1 (hBD-1) is notable because its gene (beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1)) is constitutively expressed and its antimicrobial activity is potentiated in the low-oxygen environment that characterizes the intestinal mucosa. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is stabilized even in healthy intestinal mucosa, and we identified that epithelial HIF-1α maintains expression of murine defensins. Extension to a human model revealed that basal HIF-1α is critical for the constitutive expression of hBD-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified HIF-1α binding to a hypoxia response element in the DEFB1 promoter whose importance was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. We used 94 human intestinal samples to identify a strong expression correlation between DEFB1 and the canonical HIF-1α target GLUT1. These findings indicate that basal HIF-1α is critical for constitutive expression of enteric DEFB1 and support targeting epithelial HIF for restoration and maintenance of intestinal integrity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.