ReviewGlobal health action2013
Ethnic minority health in Vietnam: a review exposing horizontal inequity.
Review in Global health action, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Declining trend in anemia prevalence among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Vietnam over two decades: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies.Health promotion perspectives · 2022Pooled it
- Millennium development goal four and child health inequities in indonesia: a systematic review of the literature.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Effect of Facilitation of Local Stakeholder Groups on Equity in Neonatal Survival; Results from the NeoKIP Trial in Northern Vietnam.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study ofGeoHealth · 2026Article
- Injecting drug use worsens the quality of life in HIV-HCV co-infected patients in Vietnam.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- When conflict meets political exclusion: Ethnicity, governance, and child mortality.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- How Tay adolescent girls and their female carers navigate sexual and reproductive health information.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Comparing Viet Nam's national climate strategy's effectiveness in mitigating infectious diseases against other OECD countries in South-East Asia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in cervical cancer screening practices in Vietnam: a decomposition analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between accessibility of retail seeds and diet diversity: a multi-level structural equation model applied to ethnic minority farmers in northern Vietnam.Food security · 2025Article
- Adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights for ethnic minority girls in Vietnam.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Spatial variations in health service utilization among migrant population: a perspective on health equity.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Use of antimicrobials and other medical products in an ethnic minority context of South-Central Vietnam: A qualitative study of vulnerability.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- A Cluster Randomised Control Trial of an SMS-Based Intervention to Promote Antenatal Health amongst Pregnant Women in a Remote, Highland Region of Vietnam.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Applying artificial intelligence and digital health technologies, Viet Nam.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Adapting and Scaling a Digital Health Intervention to Improve Maternal and Child Health Among Ethnic Minority Women in Vietnam Amid the COVID-19 Context: Protocol for the dMOM Project.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Patients' Satisfaction with Obstetrics-Gynecology, and Pediatric Healthcare Services in Vietnam: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- Double burden of malnutrition in ethnic minority school-aged children living in mountainous areas of Vietnam and its association with nutritional behavior.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Article
- Vietnam: Neglected tropical diseases in an emerging and accelerating economy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Understanding Malaria Persistence: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Effectiveness of Malaria Elimination Strategies in South-Central Vietnam.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEquity in health is a pressing concern and reaching disadvantaged populations is necessary to close the inequity gap. To date, the discourse has predominately focussed on reaching the poor. At the same time and in addition to wealth, other structural determinants that influence health outcomes exist, one of which is ethnicity. Inequities based on group belongings are recognised as 'horizontal', as opposed to the more commonly used notion of 'vertical' inequity based on individual characteristics.
objectiveThe aim of the present review is to highlight ethnicity as a source of horizontal inequity in health and to expose mechanisms that cause and maintain this inequity in Vietnam.
designThrough a systematic search of available academic and grey literature, 49 publications were selected for review. Information was extracted on: a) quantitative measures of health inequities based on ethnicity and b) qualitative descriptions explaining potential reasons for ethnicity-based health inequities.
resultsFive main areas were identified: health-care-seeking and utilization, maternal and child health, nutrition, infectious diseases, and oral health and hygiene. Evidence suggests the presence of severe health inequity in health along ethnic lines in all these areas. Research evidence also offers explanations derived from both external and internal group dynamics to this inequity. It is reported that government policies and programs appear to be lacking in culturally adaptation and sensitivity, and examples of bad attitudes and discrimination from health staff toward minority persons were identified. In addition, traditions and patriarchal structures within ethnic minority groups were seen to contribute to the maintenance of harmful health behaviors within these groups.
conclusionBetter understandings of the scope and pathways of horizontal inequities are required to address ethnic inequities in health. Awareness of ethnicity as a determinant of health, not only as a covariate of poverty or living area, needs to be improved, and research needs to be designed with this in mind.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.