SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2013
Rapid-response systems as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 4. Adult advanced life support.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- PeriOperative Quality Initiative (POQI) international consensus statement on perioperative arterial pressure management.British journal of anaesthesia · 2024Guideline
- Pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) implementation and its clinical value across countries: a scoping review and meta-analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Pooled it
- Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital wards.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Use of Rapid Response Teams to Reduce Failure to Rescue Events: A Systematic Review.Journal of patient safety · 2020Pooled it
- The Early Recognition and Management of Sepsis in Sub-Saharan African Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Factors influencing the activation of the rapid response system for clinically deteriorating patients by frontline ward clinicians: a systematic review.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2017Pooled it
- Rapid response systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Prioritising Responses Of Nurses To deteriorating patient Observations (PRONTO) protocol: testing the effectiveness of a facilitation intervention in a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial with an embedded process evaluation and cost analysis.Implementation science : IS · 2017Trial
- Effect of an automated notification system for deteriorating ward patients on clinical outcomes.Critical care (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Acute Kidney Outreach to Reduce Deterioration and Death (AKORDD) trial: the protocol for a large pilot study.BMJ open · 2016Trial
- Article
- Epidemiology of medical emergency team calls in patients undergoing lung transplantation.JHLT open · 2026Article
- Assessment of Learning Styles and Reaction Times Among Health Care Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Implementation of a Rapid Response System in a University Hospital: Impact on In-Hospital Mortality and Surgical Patient Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Modeling nursing care tasks in simulated emergency scenarios: insights for clinical training and practice.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring the provision and structure of paediatric critical care outreach teams (PCCOTs) in the UK and Ireland: a national questionnaire study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Impact of a PACU bypass protocol on time from surgery completion to ward transfer and safety in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study.JA clinical reports · 2025Article
- Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rapid-response systems (RRSs) are a popular intervention in U.S. hospitals and are supported by accreditors and quality improvement organizations. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of these systems in acute care settings. A literature search was performed between 1 January 2000 through 30 October 2012 using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies published in any language evaluating outcome changes that occurred after implementing an RRS and differences between groups using and not using an RRS (effectiveness) or describing methods used by RRSs (implementation) were reviewed. A single reviewer (checked by a second reviewer) abstracted data and rated study quality and strength of evidence. Moderate-strength evidence from a high-quality meta-analysis of 18 studies and 26 lower-quality before-and-after studies published after that meta-analysis showed that RRSs are associated with reduced rates of cardiorespiratory arrest outside of the intensive care unit and reduced mortality. Eighteen studies examining facilitators of and barriers to implementation suggested that the rate of use of RRSs could be improved.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.