ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2013
Infection fatality risk of the pandemic A(H1N1)2009 virus in Hong Kong.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using secondary cases to characterize the severity of an emerging or re-emerging infection.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on COVID-19 infection fatality rates.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Heterogeneity in Estimates of the Impact of Influenza on Population Mortality: A Systematic Review.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- Review Article: The Fraction of Influenza Virus Infections That Are Asymptomatic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2015Pooled it
- Hospitalization Fatality Risk of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2015Pooled it
- Case fatality risk of influenza A (H1N1pdm09): a systematic review.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2013Pooled it
- Estimating the Severity Profile of Enterovirus A71 Infections in Children: A Bayesian Synthesis Framework.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Trial
- Quantifying Protection Against Influenza Virus Infection Measured by Hemagglutination-inhibition Assays in Vaccine Trials.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2016Trial
- Using forensic autopsy data to estimate the age-specific infection fatality risk of COVID-19.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Unifying human infectious disease models and real-time awareness of population- and subpopulation-level intervention effectiveness.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- An adaptive weight ensemble approach to forecast influenza activity in an irregular seasonality context.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Forecasting of influenza activity and associated hospital admission burden and estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on 2019/20 winter season in Hong Kong.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Enhancing infectious diseases early warning: A deep learning approach for influenza surveillance in China.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Ozone as an environmental driver of influenza.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Effects of meteorological factors on influenza transmissibility by virus type/subtype.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Key Challenges for Respiratory Virus Surveillance while Transitioning out of Acute Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Association between ozone and influenza transmissibility in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The association between ambient pollutants and influenza transmissibility: A nationwide study involving 30 provinces in China.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Estimating infection fatality risk and ascertainment bias of COVID-19 in Osaka, Japan from February 2020 to January 2022.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Nonpharmaceutical interventions effectively reduced influenza spread during the COVID-19 pandemic.World journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One measure of the severity of a pandemic influenza outbreak at the individual level is the risk of death among people infected by the new virus. However, there are complications in estimating both the numerator and denominator. Regarding the numerator, statistical estimates of the excess deaths associated with influenza virus infections tend to exceed the number of deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed infection. Regarding the denominator, few infections are laboratory confirmed, while differences in case definitions and approaches to case ascertainment can lead to wide variation in case fatality risk estimates. Serological surveillance can be used to estimate the cumulative incidence of infection as a denominator that is more comparable across studies. We estimated that the first wave of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009 was associated with approximately 232 (95% confidence interval: 136, 328) excess deaths of all ages in Hong Kong, mainly among the elderly. The point estimates of the risk of death on a per-infection basis increased substantially with age, from below 1 per 100,000 infections in children to 1,099 per 100,000 infections in those 60-69 years of age. Substantial variation in the age-specific infection fatality risk complicates comparison of the severity of different influenza strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.