ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2013
Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 subtypes in Rwanda.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unique genetic signatures in HIV-1 subtype A1 and A1D recombinant envelope glycoprotein distinguish contemporary transmitted/founder viruses from historical strains in East Africa.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Increased Frequency of Inter-Subtype HIV-1 Recombinants Identified by Near Full-Length Virus Sequencing in Rwandan Acute Transmission Cohorts.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Worldwide Genetic Features of HIV-1 Env α4β7 Binding Motif: The Local Dissemination Impact of the LDI Tripeptide.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Trends of subtype variation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Zhejiang Province, China.Virus genes · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by genetic diversity, with multiple subtypes and recombinant variants circulating, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. During the Rwandan genocide, many women experienced multiple rapes and some became HIV-1 infected. We studied plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 infected women comprising two exposure groups: those with numerous contacts, raped multiple times, and women with one lifetime sexual partner and no history of rape. Population-based sequences from gag, pol, and env genes were analyzed to determine HIV-1 subtypes and intersubtype recombination. Individual plasma-derived variants from 12 women were also analyzed. Subtype A was found in 24/30 (80%), intersubtype recombination (AC and AD) in 4/30 (13%), and subtypes C and D in 1/30 each. In two subjects, the pattern of HIV-1 recombination differed between plasma and PBMC-derived sequences. Intersubtype recombination was common, although there were no significant differences in subtype or recombination rates between exposure groups.
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