ArticlePloS one2013
Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of three antiviral compounds against Borealpox virus infection in a mouse model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Potential use of cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat drugs in fighting monkeypox infection: recent trends and advancements.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Cowpox Viruses: A Zoo Full of Viral Diversity and Lurking Threats.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Ophthalmic Features and Implications of Poxviruses: Lessons from Clinical and Basic Research.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Orthopoxvirus Seroprevalence and Infection Susceptibility in France, Bolivia, Laos, and Mali.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- A novel and sensitive real-time PCR system for universal detection of poxviruses.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- What a Difference a Gene Makes: Identification of Virulence Factors of Cowpox Virus.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in Smallpox-Vaccinated Patient, France.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Orthopoxvirus Seroprevalence in Cats and Veterinary Personnel in North-Eastern Italy in 2011.Viruses · 2019Article
- Effects of Treatment Delay on Efficacy of Tecovirimat Following Lethal Aerosol Monkeypox Virus Challenge in Cynomolgus Macaques.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Cowpox Virus: A New and Armed Oncolytic Poxvirus.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2017Article
- Inhibition of Poxvirus Gene Expression and Genome Replication by Bisbenzimide Derivatives.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Fatal disseminated cowpox virus infection in an adolescent renal transplant recipient.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Article
- Out of the Reservoir: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of a Novel Cowpox Virus Isolated from a Common Vole.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Structural and Functional Characterization of Anti-A33 Antibodies Reveal a Potent Cross-Species Orthopoxviruses Neutralizer.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Extent of Systemic Spread Determines CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance for Laboratory Strains, Smallpox Vaccines, and Zoonotic Isolates of Vaccinia Virus.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Serologic survey of orthopoxvirus infection among rodents in hungary.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The last years, cowpox infections are being increasingly reported through Eurasia. Cowpox viruses (CPXVs) have been reported to have different genotypes and may be subdivided in at least five genetically distinct monophyletic clusters. However, little is known about their in vitro and in vivo features. In this report, five genetically diverse CPXVs, including one reference strain (CPXV strain Brighton) and four clinical isolates from human and animal cases, were compared with regard to growth in cells, pathogenicity in mice and inhibition by antivirals. While all CPXVs replicated similarly in vitro and showed comparable antiviral susceptibility, marked discrepancies were seen in vivo, including differences in virulence with recorded mortality rates of 0%, 20% and 100%. The four CPXV clinical isolates appeared less pathogenic than two reference strains, CPXV Brighton and vaccinia virus Western-Reserve. Disease severity seemed to correlate with high viral DNA loads in several organs, virus titers in lung tissues and levels of IL-6 cytokine in the sera. Our study highlighted that the species CPXV consists of viruses that not only differ considerably in their genotypes but also in their in vivo phenotypes, indicating that CPXVs should not be longer classified as a single species. Lung virus titers and IL-6 cytokine level in mice may be used as biomarkers for predicting disease severity. We further demonstrated the potential benefit of cidofovir, CMX001 and ST-246 use as antiviral therapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.