Trial reportApplied and environmental microbiology2013
Comparison of the compositions of the stool microbiotas of infants fed goat milk formula, cow milk-based formula, or breast milk.
Trial report in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: a critical review.International journal of colorectal disease · 2019Pooled it
- Plasma Sphingomyelins and Carnitine Esters of Infants Consuming Whole Goat or Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas or Human Milk.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Factors Associated With the Microbiome in Moderate-Late Preterm Babies: A Cohort Study From the DIAMOND Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Trial
- Stool microbiome, pH and short/branched chain fatty acids in infants receiving extensively hydrolyzed formula, amino acid formula, or human milk through two months of age.BMC microbiology · 2020Trial
- Digestive Responses to Fortified Cow or Goat Dairy Drinks: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Mediation Analysis as a Means of Identifying Dietary Components That Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiota of Infants Weaned by Modified Baby-Led and Traditional Approaches.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Trial
- Oral Microbiota in Infants Fed a Formula Supplemented with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membranes - A Randomized Controlled Trial.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Chlorinated drinking water exposure enriches antimicrobial resistance pathways in the infant gut microbiome: a randomized trial.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Gastric pH on Milk Protein Hydrolysis: A Pilot In Vitro Study Using Pediatric Human Gastric Juice in the Context of Infant Digestive Physiology.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perioperative Probiotic Supplementation to Reduce Postoperative Infection and Inflammation in Children and Neonates Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Feeding Type Shapes Infant Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Simulated Colonic Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Structural insights into lacto-N-biose I recognition by a family 32 carbohydrate-binding module from Bifidobacterium bifidum.FEBS letters · 2026Article
- Patterns of gut microbiome composition, function and dynamics in toddlers, adolescents and adults over a three-year period.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Early-life microbiome trajectories as biomarkers to predict health outcomes.Microbiome research reports · 2026Review
- Compiling an early life human gut microbiome atlas and identification of key microbial drivers.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Article
- In Vitro Probiotic Modulation of Specific Dietary Complex Sugar Consumption in Fecal Cultures in Infants.Microorganisms · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the compositions of the fecal microbiotas of infants fed goat milk formula to those of infants fed cow milk formula or breast milk as the gold standard. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences was used in the analysis of the microbiotas in stool samples collected from 90 Australian babies (30 in each group) at 2 months of age. Beta-diversity analysis of total microbiota sequences and Lachnospiraceae sequences revealed that they were more similar in breast milk/goat milk comparisons than in breast milk/cow milk comparisons. The Lachnospiraceae were mostly restricted to a single species (Ruminococcus gnavus) in breast milk-fed and goat milk-fed babies compared to a more diverse collection in cow milk-fed babies. Bifidobacteriaceae were abundant in the microbiotas of infants in all three groups. Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were the most commonly detected bifidobacterial species. A semiquantitative PCR method was devised to differentiate between B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis and was used to test stool samples. B. longum subsp. infantis was seldom present in stools, even of breast milk-fed babies. The presence of B. bifidum in the stools of breast milk-fed infants at abundances greater than 10% of the total microbiota was associated with the highest total abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae. When Bifidobacteriaceae abundance was low, Lachnospiraceae abundances were greater. New information about the composition of the fecal microbiota when goat milk formula is used in infant nutrition was thus obtained.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.