ArticleBMC cell biology2013
Unlaid Xenopus eggs degrade by apoptosis in the genital tract.
Article in BMC cell biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Egg Overactivation-An Overlooked Phenomenon of Gamete Physiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Spontaneous Overactivation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- DNA methylation clocks for clawed frogs reveal evolutionary conservation of epigenetic aging.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Evaluation of viability, developmental competence, and apoptosis-related transcripts duringFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A review of the reproductive system in anuran amphibians.Zoological letters · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress-Induced Overactivation of Frog Eggs Triggers Calcium-Dependent Non-Apoptotic Cell Death.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An insect antifreeze protein from Anatolica polita enhances the cryoprotection of Xenopus laevis eggs and embryos.The Journal of experimental biology · 2022Article
- Modulation of Intracellular ROS and Senescence-Associated Phenotypes ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Toward the understanding of biology of oocyte life cycle inReproductive medicine and biology · 2020Review
- Dissection of the Ovulatory Process UsingFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Biochemical Hallmarks of Oxidative Stress-Induced Overactivation ofBioMed research international · 2019Article
- Emerin induces nuclear breakage inMolecular biology of the cell · 2018Article
- Apoptosis propagates through the cytoplasm as trigger waves.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Postovulatory cell death: why eggs die via apoptosis in biological species with external fertilization.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2018Review
- Global decay of mRNA is a hallmark of apoptosis in aging Xenopus eggs.RNA biology · 2017Article
- Transmembrane signal transduction in oocyte maturation and fertilization: focusing on Xenopus laevis as a model animal.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn several species with external fertilization, including frogs, laid unfertilized eggs were found to die by apoptosis outside of the animal body. However, there is no apparent reason for the externally laid eggs to degrade by this process, considering that apoptosis developed as a mechanism to reduce the damaging effect of individual cell death to the whole organism.
resultsHere, we demonstrate that a number of eggs are retained in the genital tract of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis after gonadotropin-induced ovulation. The majority of these eggs exit meiotic arrest within 24 hours of hormone administration. Subsequently, post-meiotic eggs die in the frog genital tract by a well-defined apoptotic process. The hallmarks of egg degradation include prominent morphological changes, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, increase in ADP/ATP ratio, progressive intracellular acidification, egg swelling and all-out proteolysis of egg proteins. The sustained presence of post-apoptotic eggs in the genital tract of ageing frogs evidenced age-associated worsening of apoptotic clearance.
conclusionsThe direct observation of egg degradation in the Xenopus genital tract provides a clue to the physiological relevance of frog egg apoptosis. It works to eliminate the mature unlaid eggs retained in the animal body after ovulation. Our findings establish egg apoptosis as a major physiological process accompanying ovulation in frogs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.