ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2013
Beyond autism: a baby siblings research consortium study of high-risk children at three years of age.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 193 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Pooled it
- The relation between parent verbal responsiveness and child communication in young children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2019Pooled it
- Language delay aggregates in toddler siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Early Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Recommendations for Practice and Research.Pediatrics · 2015Guideline
- For which younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder does parent-mediated intervention work?Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Trial
- Parent utilization of ImPACT intervention strategies is a mediator of proximal then distal social communication outcomes in younger siblings of children with ASD.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Trial
- Motor performance in a shape sorter task: A longitudinal study from 14 to 36 months of age in children with an older sibling ASD.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Parent-mediated intervention versus no intervention for infants at high risk of autism: a parallel, single-blind, randomised trial.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Visual Cortical Response Variability in Infants at High Familial Likelihood for Autism.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Developmental Trajectories of Autistic Traits in Infants With Autism and/or ADHD Family History: Predictors and Mid-Childhood Outcomes.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Enigma of autism regression mechanistic pathways, clinical phenotypes, and early intervention implications.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- The stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in children aged 14-36 months with elevated likelihood for autism.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Theta Power at 10 Months of Age Predicts Developmental Change in Language in Infants With and Without an Elevated Likelihood for Autism.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Parenting Stress and Stressful Life Events Among Caregivers of Toddler Siblings of Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Investigating Parental Observations of Early Autism Development in Simplex and Multiplex Families.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Visual Cortical Response Variability in Infants at High Familial Likelihood for Autism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Continuity in social communication development among school-aged siblings of autistic children.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Occurrence of mental health challenges and their association with autistic traits, cognitive level and adaptive functioning in autistic preschool children.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Mid-childhood developmental and behavioural outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Latent trajectories of early social communication development are associated with autism diagnosis and language outcomes.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFirst-degree relatives of persons with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk for ASD-related characteristics. As little is known about the early expression of these characteristics, this study characterizes the non-ASD outcomes of 3-year-old high-risk (HR) siblings of children with ASD.
methodTwo groups of children without ASD participated: 507 HR siblings and 324 low-risk (LR) control subjects (no known relatives with ASD). Children were enrolled at a mean age of 8 months, and outcomes were assessed at 3 years. Outcome measures were Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) calibrated severity scores, and Mullen Verbal and Non-Verbal Developmental Quotients (DQ).
resultsAt 3 years, HR siblings without an ASD outcome exhibited higher mean ADOS severity scores and lower verbal and non-verbal DQs than LR controls. HR siblings were over-represented (21% HR versus 7% LR) in latent classes characterized by elevated ADOS severity and/or low to low-average DQs. The remaining HR siblings without ASD outcomes (79%) belonged to classes in which they were not differentially represented with respect to LR siblings.
conclusionsHaving removed a previously identified 18.7% of HR siblings with ASD outcomes from all analyses, HR siblings nevertheless exhibited higher mean levels of ASD severity and lower levels of developmental functioning than LR children. However, the latent class membership of four-fifths of the HR siblings was not significantly different from that of LR control subjects. One-fifth of HR siblings belonged to classes characterized by higher ASD severity and/or lower levels of developmental functioning. This empirically derived characterization of an early-emerging pattern of difficulties in a minority of 3-year-old HR siblings suggests the importance of developmental surveillance and early intervention for these children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.