Trial reportThe Journal of pediatrics2013
Effects of different complementary feeding regimens on iron status and enteric microbiota in breastfed infants.
Trial report in The Journal of pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Infant MiND Study: An Examination of Infants' Microbiome, Nutrition, and Development Study.
Enteral Iron Supplementation and Intestinal Health in Preterm Infants
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Beef Protein Effects on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Health.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of provision of animal-source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children 6 to 59 months of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Baby-led weaning: what a systematic review of the literature adds on.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2018Pooled it
- Iron status of young children in Europe.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of a complementary feeding intervention based on iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet on the gut microbiota in 12-18-month-old children: a randomized trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Impact of supplementation with milk-cereal mix during 6-12 months of age on growth at 12 months: a 3-arm randomized controlled trial in Delhi, India.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Mediation Analysis as a Means of Identifying Dietary Components That Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiota of Infants Weaned by Modified Baby-Led and Traditional Approaches.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Trial
- Iron in Micronutrient Powder Promotes an Unfavorable Gut Microbiota in Kenyan Infants.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Assessment of complementary feeding of Canadian infants: effects on microbiome & oxidative stress, a randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Effect of Vitamin E With Therapeutic Iron Supplementation on Iron Repletion and Gut Microbiome in US Iron Deficient Infants and Toddlers.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2016Trial
- Effects of community-based sales of micronutrient powders on morbidity episodes in preschool children in Western Kenya.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- The Effect of Iron Fortification on Iron (Fe) Status and Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Zinc absorption from micronutrient powder is low but is not affected by iron in Kenyan infants.Nutrients · 2014Trial
- High protein intake from meat as complementary food increases growth but not adiposity in breastfed infants: a randomized trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- The Gut-Iron-Immune Axis in Severe Anaemia and Bacteraemia.Nutrients · 2026Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare iron status in breastfed infants randomized to groups receiving complementary feeding regimens that provided iron from fortified infant cereals or meats, and to examine the development of the enteric microbiota in these groups. STUDY
designForty-five exclusively breastfed 5-month-old infants were randomized to 1 of 3 feeding groups (FGs)-commercially available pureed meats, iron- and zinc-fortified infant cereals, or iron-only fortified infant cereals-as the first and primary complementary food through 9-10 months of age. Dietary iron was determined by monthly 3-day diet records. Iron status was assessed at the end of the study by measurements of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor levels. In a subsample of 14 infants, enteric microbiota were profiled in monthly stool samples (5-9 months) by 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing.
resultsInfants in the 2 cereal FGs had 2- to 3-fold greater daily iron intakes versus the meat FG (P < .0001). More than one-quarter (27%) of the infants had a low serum ferritin level, and 36% were mildly anemic, with no significant differences by FG; more infants in the meat FG had a high soluble transferrin receptor value (P = .03). Sequence analysis identified differences by time and FG in the abundances of several bacterial groups, including significantly more abundant butyrate-producing Clostridium group XIVa in the meat FG (P = .01)
conclusionA high percentage of healthy infants who were breastfed-only were iron-deficient, and complementary feeding, including iron exposure, influenced the development of the enteric microbiota. If these findings are confirmed, then reconsideration of strategies to both meet infants' iron requirements and optimize the developing microbiome may be warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.