ArticlePloS one2013
High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus proteins and nucleic acids in primary breast cancer and metastatic sentinel lymph nodes.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Host-virus resilience networks and viral inflammaging circuits in aging and long COVID: a CMV-centered perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Does human cytomegalovirus provide a novel therapeutic target for patients with glioblastoma?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- A Potential Oncoprotective Role of Cytomegalovirus Against Breast Cancer: Worldwide Correlation and Survey of Evidence.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of Clinical and Experimental Data.Biology · 2025Review
- Enhanced levels of IL-6 and PAI-1 and decreased levels of MMP-3 in cytomegalovirus seropositive patients with prior myocardial infarction.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Article
- Cytokine levels in breast cancer are highly dependent on cytomegalovirus (CMV) status.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- Review
- Friend or Foe? Exploring the Role of Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in Head and Neck Tumors.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Oncoprotection across Diverse Populations, Tumor Histologies, and Age Groups: The Relevance for Prospective Vaccinal Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting Breast Cancer with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine: Integrating Machine Learning and Cellular Assays for Promising Results.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Detection of Human cytomegalovirus UL55 Gene and IE/E Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancer Patients in Egypt.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Polyploid giant cancer cells, cytokines and cytomegalovirus in breast cancer progression.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Article
- The Journey of Cancer Cells to the Brain: Challenges and Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Human cytomegalovirus alters immune cell profile with potential implications for patient survival in head and neck cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2022Article
- Polyploid giant cancer cells, EZH2 and Myc upregulation in mammary epithelial cells infected with high-risk human cytomegalovirus.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Increasing evidence implies that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with several malignancies. We aimed to examine whether HCMV is present in breast cancer and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases. MATERIALS AND
methodsFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from breast cancer and paired sentinel lymph node (SLN) samples were obtained from patients with (n = 35) and without SLN metastasis (n = 38). HCMV immediate early (IE) and late (LA) proteins were detected using a sensitive immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique and HCMV DNA by real-time PCR.
resultsHCMV IE and LA proteins were abundantly expressed in 100% of breast cancer specimens. In SLN specimens, 94% of samples with metastases (n = 34) were positive for HCMV IE and LA proteins, mostly confined to neoplastic cells while some inflammatory cells were HCMV positive in 60% of lymph nodes without metastases (n = 35). The presence of HCMV DNA was confirmed in 12/12 (100%) of breast cancer and 10/11 (91%) SLN specimens from the metastatic group, but was not detected in 5/5 HCMV-negative, SLN-negative specimens. There was no statistically significant association between HCMV infection grades and progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor alpha and Elston grade status.
conclusionsThe role of HCMV in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is unclear. As HCMV proteins were mainly confined to neoplastic cells in primary breast cancer and SLN samples, our observations raise the question whether HCMV contributes to the tumorigenesis of breast cancer and its metastases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.