ArticleJournal of virology2013
APOBEC3 inhibition of mouse mammary tumor virus infection: the role of cytidine deamination versus inhibition of reverse transcription.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Viral Protein Antagonist for Both AID and APOBEC3.Viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- DHX15 inhibits mouse APOBEC3 deamination.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- An overview of the functions and mechanisms of APOBEC3A in tumorigenesis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Apobec-mediated retroviral hypermutation in vivo is dependent on mouse strain.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- The role of APOBEC3B in lung tumor evolution and targeted cancer therapy resistance.Nature genetics · 2024Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The roles of nucleic acid editing in adaptation of zoonotic viruses to humans.Current opinion in virology · 2023Review
- Global Down-regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) in Normal Mammary Epithelial Cells.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Host-mediated RNA editing in viruses.Biology direct · 2023Review
- Involvement of APOBEC3A/B Deletion in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-like Positive Human Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Repair of APOBEC3G-Mutated Retroviral DNAJournal of virology · 2021Article
- APOBEC and Cancer Viroimmunotherapy: Thinking the Unthinkable.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Review
- Oncolytic virotherapy induced CSDE1 neo-antigenesis restricts VSV replication but can be targeted by immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Deaminase-Independent Mode of Antiretroviral Action in Human and Mouse APOBEC3 Proteins.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Retroviral Restriction Factors and Their Viral Targets: Restriction Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- APOBEC3A catalyzes mutation and drives carcinogenesis in vivo.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- The Role of APOBECs in Viral Replication.Microorganisms · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 (APOBEC3) family of proteins is a group of intrinsic antiviral factors active against a number of retroviral pathogens, including HIV in humans and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in mice. APOBEC3 restricts its viral targets through cytidine deamination of viral DNA during reverse transcription or via deaminase-independent means. Here, we used virions from the mammary tissue of MMTV-infected inbred wild-type mice with different allelic APOBEC3 variants (APOBEC3(BALB) and APOBEC3(BL/6)) and knockout mice to determine whether cytidine deamination was important for APOBEC3's anti-MMTV activity. First, using anti-murine APOBEC3 antiserum, we showed that both APOBEC3 allelic variants are packaged into the cores of milk-borne virions produced in vivo. Next, using an in vitro deamination assay, we determined that virion-packaged APOBEC3 retains its deamination activity and that allelic differences in APOBEC3 affect the sequence specificity. In spite of this in vitro activity, cytidine deamination by virion-packaged APOBEC3 of MMTV early reverse transcription DNA occurred only at low levels. Instead, the major means by which in vivo virion-packaged APOBEC3 restricted virus was through inhibition of early reverse transcription in both cell-free virions and in vitro infection assays. Moreover, the different wild-type alleles varied in their ability to inhibit this step. Our data suggest that while APOBEC3-mediated cytidine deamination of MMTV may occur, it is not the major means by which APOBEC3 restricts MMTV infection in vivo. This may reflect the long-term coexistence of MMTV and APOBEC3 in mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.