ArticleClinical chemistry2013
Impact of prolonged cannabinoid excretion in chronic daily cannabis smokers' blood on per se drugged driving laws.
Article in Clinical chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Cannabis Edibles Combined With Alcohol on Driving, Field Sobriety Performance, and Subjective Effects: A Within-Participant Crossover Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: Impact of Combining Toxicology Testing with Field Sobriety Tests.Clinical chemistry · 2023Trial
- Lithium carbonate in the management of cannabis withdrawal: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an inpatient setting.Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Can physical exercise or food deprivation cause release of fat-stored cannabinoids?Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2014Trial
- Decreased dopamine brain reactivity in marijuana abusers is associated with negative emotionality and addiction severity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- The use of THC cutoff levels in blood and oral fluid for detecting impairment in frequent cannabis users who smoked cannabis the "evening before".Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Simultaneous analysis of Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, CBD, and CBN in breath aerosols collected using cannabix technologies breath collection unit.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2026Article
- Hexahydrocannabinol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury: a case report combining comprehensive toxicokinetic and metabolomic investigations.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Validation of a microsampling-compatible liquid-liquid extraction method for cannabinoid quantitation in 50 µL of whole blood using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2026Article
- Suicide attempt and paranoia persisting for 28 days following heavy delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and tetrahydrocannabinol use: A case report.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Per Se Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis Statutes and Blood Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentrations following Short-Term Cannabis Abstinence.Clinical chemistry · 2025Article
- Cannabis in road traffic - a retrospective analysis to identify possible cut-off-values.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Review of cannabis use and propofol anesthesia: recent insights and clinical implications.Current opinion in anaesthesiology · 2025Review
- Bridging THC Knowledge Gaps for Safer Roads: A Call for Action.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Observational
- Cannabis Use and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Microbial Translocation in Persons with HIV.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- Assessing Cannabis Use in People with Psychosis.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Review
- Circulating Endocannabinoids and N-Acylethanolamines in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder-Preliminary Findings.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Cannabis Use Patterns and Whole-Blood Cannabinoid Profiles of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome.Annals of emergency medicine · 2023Observational
- THC in breath aerosols collected with an impaction filter device before and after legal-market product inhalation-a pilot study.Journal of breath research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCannabis is the illicit drug most frequently reported with impaired driving and motor vehicle accidents. Some "per se" laws make it illegal to drive with any amount of drug in the body, while others establish blood, saliva, or urine concentrations above which it is illegal to drive. The persistence of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in chronic daily cannabis smokers' blood is unknown.
methodsThirty male chronic daily cannabis smokers resided on a secure research unit for up to 33 days, with daily blood collection. Samples were processed in an ice bath during sample preparation to minimize cannabinoid adsorption onto precipitant material. We quantified THC by 2-dimensional GC-MS.
resultsOf the 30 participants, 27 were THC-positive on admission, with a median (range) concentration of 1.4 μg/L (0.3-6.3). THC decreased gradually; only 1 of 11 participants was negative at 26 days, 2 of 5 remained THC-positive (0.3 μg/L) for 30 days, and 5.0% of participants had THC ≥ 1.0 μg/L for 12 days. Median 11-hydroxy-THC concentrations were 1.1 μg/L on admission, with no results ≥ 1.0 μg/L 24 h later. 11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) detection rates were 96.7% on admission, decreasing slowly to 95.7% and 85.7% on days 8 and 22, respectively; 4 of 5 participants remained THCCOOH positive (0.6-2.7 μg/L) after 30 days, and 1 remained positive on discharge at 33 days.
conclusionsCannabinoids can be detected in blood of chronic daily cannabis smokers during a month of sustained abstinence. This is consistent with the time course of persisting neurocognitive impairment reported in recent studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.