ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2013
Interferon-ε protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 250 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monkeypox virus replication and host response in vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cells.Virulence · 2026Article
- IFN-κ directs antiviral immunity in human skin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium.Journal of virology · 2026Article
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- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Single-cell analysis of signalling and transcriptional responses to type I interferons.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Suggests a Protective Effect against Acantholysis in Pemphigus.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Human interferon-ω: an underappreciated type I interferon.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Double stranded RNA sensing is silenced during early embryonic development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Dual Role of Interferon Signaling in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapeutics.Cancers · 2025Review
- Interferons in Autoimmunity: From Loss of Tolerance to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Biologic drug development for treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Exploring the vaginal ecosystem: insights into host-microbe interactions and microbial community dynamics.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Interferon Epsilon Loss Is Elusive 9p21 Link to Immune-Cold Tumors, Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Therapy, and Endogenous CXCL9/10 Induction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2025Review
- Decidual Cells Induce Release of Free and Exosome-Bound Interferon Epsilon From Vaginal Epithelial Cells.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Interferons in health and disease.Cell · 2025Review
- Interferon-epsilon, an estrogen-induced type I interferon, is uniquely exploited by Neisseria gonorrhoeae via effects on sialic acid metabolism.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system senses pathogens through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that signal to induce effector cytokines, such as type I interferons (IFNs). We characterized IFN-ε as a type I IFN because it signaled via the Ifnar1 and Ifnar2 receptors to induce IFN-regulated genes. In contrast to other type I IFNs, IFN-ε was not induced by known PRR pathways; instead, IFN-ε was constitutively expressed by epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and was hormonally regulated. Ifn-ε-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to infection of the FRT by the common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) herpes simplex virus 2 and Chlamydia muridarum. Thus, IFN-ε is a potent antipathogen and immunoregulatory cytokine that may be important in combating STIs that represent a major global health and socioeconomic burden.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.