ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2013
Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection and risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes: results of a hospital-based study in Barcelona, Spain.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05320068 (Phase III,randomized,double-blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Vancomycin Vs Placebo in the Prevention of Recurrence of C.difficile Infection in Patients Under Treatment with Systemic Antibiotic Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase III,randomized,double-blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Vancomycin Vs Placebo in the Prevention of Recurrence of C.difficile Infection in Patients Under Treatment with Systemic Antibiotic Therapy
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Immunosuppressive Therapy and Outcome of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Acid Suppression Medications During Hospitalization as a Risk Factor for Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Pooled it
- Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: An official clinical practice guideline of the Spanish Society of Chemotherapy (SEQ), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the working group of Postoperative Infection of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia and Reanimation (SEDAR).Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2020Guideline
- Global burden ofJournal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Guideline
- Magnitude and direction of the association between Clostridium difficile infection and proton pump inhibitors in adults and pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2018Pooled it
- Association of Gastric Acid Suppression With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA internal medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of oral vancomycin versus placebo in the prevention of recurrence ofBMJ open · 2023Trial
- Randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness and safety of secondary prophylaxis with oral vancomycin versus placebo in the prevention of recurrence ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Compassionate Use of Encapsulated MKB-01 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for RecurrentMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- The Strain and the Clinical Outcome ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Antibiotic Resistances of Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile: A silent nosocomial pathogen.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- A point-prevalence study on community and inpatientEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Impact of the Introduction of a Two-Step Laboratory Diagnostic Algorithm in the Incidence and Earlier Diagnosis ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Potential Cost Savings Associated with Targeted Substitution of Current Guideline-Concordant Inpatient Agents with Omadacycline for the Treatment of Adult Hospitalized Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia at High Risk forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Infection and Colonization: Ongoing Prospective Cohort Study in a French University Hospital.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Economic burden of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in adults admitted to Spanish hospitals. A multicentre retrospective observational study.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021Observational
- Clostridioides difficile Whole-genome Sequencing Differentiates Relapse With the Same Strain From Reinfection With a New Strain.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prospective hospital-based surveillance for Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) was conducted in Barcelona (Spain) to describe the epidemiology of this condition and investigate the risk factors for an unfavorable outcome. All patients diagnosed with CDAD during 2009 were included. Using logistic regression modeling, we analyzed the potential risk factors associated with recurrent and complicated CDAD, defined as a need for colectomy or death within 30 days. There were 365 episodes of CDAD, yielding an incidence of 22.5 cases/10(5) person-years, 1.22 cases/10(3) hospital discharges, and 1.93 cases/10(4) patient-days. The main PCR ribotypes identified were 241 (26%), 126 (18%), 078 (7%), and 020 (5%). PCR ribotype 027 was not detected. Among the 348 cases analyzed, 232 (67%) patients were cured, 63 (18%) had a recurrence of CDAD, and 53 (15%) developed complicated CDAD. Predictors of complicated CDAD were continued use of antibiotics following CDAD diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.009; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012 to 3.988; P = 0.046), Charlson comorbidity index score (OR, 1.265; 95% CI, 1.105 to 1.449; P = 0.001), and age (OR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.053; P = 0.019). A leukocyte count of >15 × 10(3) cells/ml (OR, 2.277; 95% CI, 1.189 to 4.362; P = 0.013), continuation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use after CDAD diagnosis (OR, 2.168; 95% CI, 1.081 to 4.347; P = 0.029), and age (OR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.041; P = 0.036) were independently associated with higher odds of recurrence. The incidence of CDAD in Barcelona during 2009 was on the lower end of the previously described range for all of Europe. Our analysis suggests that the continuation of non-C. difficile antibiotics and use of PPIs in patients diagnosed with CDAD are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes.
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