ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Host DNA released in response to aluminum adjuvant enhances MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and prolongs CD4 T-cell interactions with dendritic cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Aluminum adjuvants differentially induce IL-1β release in vitro yet share NLRP3 inflammasome-independent adjuvant effects in vivo.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Swine Group A rotavirus vaccines: current status, adjuvant strategies, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Comparative Cytokine and Histology Studies on HPV and Other Viral Vaccinations: No Pathogenicity of HPV Vaccine Adjuvants.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Advances in vaccine adjuvant development and future perspectives.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial DNA oxidation propagates autoimmunity by enabling plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce TNature immunology · 2025Article
- Oral ENPP1 inhibitor designed using generative AI as next generation STING modulator for solid tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Birch pollen allergen-induced dsDNA release activates cGAS-STING signaling and type 2 immune response in mice.iScience · 2025Article
- Emulsion adjuvant-induced uric acid release modulates optimal immunogenicity by targeting dendritic cells and B cells.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants for Teleost Fish: Implications for Aquatic Welfare and the Potential of Nanoparticle-Based Formulations.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Co-formulation of the rF1V plague vaccine with depot-formulated cytokines enhances immunogenicity and efficacy to elicit protective responses against aerosol challenge in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future.Veterinary research · 2023Review
- Advances on the early cellular events occurring upon exposure of human macrophages to aluminum oxyhydroxide adjuvant.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Review: Unravelling the Role of DNA Sensing in Alum Adjuvant Activity.Discovery immunology · 2023Review
- The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- STING Targeting in Lung Diseases.Cells · 2022Review
- Translational regulation of TFH cell differentiation and autoimmune pathogenesis.Science advances · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many vaccines include aluminum salts (alum) as adjuvants despite little knowledge of alum's functions. Host DNA rapidly coats injected alum. Here, we further investigated the mechanism of alum and DNA's adjuvant function. Our data show that DNase coinjection reduces CD4 T-cell priming by i.m. injected antigen + alum. This effect is partially replicated in mice lacking stimulator of IFN genes, a mediator of cellular responses to cytoplasmic DNA. Others have shown that DNase treatment impairs dendritic cell (DC) migration from the peritoneal cavity to the draining lymph node in mice immunized i.p. with alum. However, our data show that DNase does not affect accumulation of, or expression of costimulatory proteins on, antigen-loaded DCs in lymph nodes draining injected muscles, the site by which most human vaccines are administered. DNase does inhibit prolonged T-cell-DC conjugate formation and antigen presentation between antigen-positive DCs and antigen-specific CD4 T cells following i.m. injection. Thus, from the muscle, an immunization site that does not require host DNA to promote migration of inflammatory DCs, alum acts as an adjuvant by introducing host DNA into the cytoplasm of antigen-bearing DCs, where it engages receptors that promote MHC class II presentation and better DC-T-cell interactions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.