Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23446895›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2013

Plasma concentrations of trans fatty acids in persons with type 2 diabetes between September 2002 and April 2004.

Dawn C Schwenke, John P Foreyt, Edgar R Miller, Rebecca S Reeves, Mara Z Vitolins, Oxidative Stress Subgroup of the Look AHEAD Research Group

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00017953 (Look AHEAD), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00017953 nacompletednot on this map

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2001 to 2020Enrolled5,145ConditionsDiabetes, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Kidney DiseasesArmsLifestyle Intervention, Diabetes Support and Education
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nutrients · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Analyzing metabolomics data for association with genotypes using two-component Gaussian mixture distributions.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2018
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Dawn C SchwenkePhoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892, USA. schwenke@va.gov
John P Foreyt
Edgar R Miller
Rebecca S Reeves
Mara Z Vitolins
Oxidative Stress Subgroup of the Look AHEAD Research Group
Baylor College of Medicine · USPhoenix VA Health Care System · USWake Forest University · US

Funding

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in DiabetesU01DK057136 · NIDDK · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ESPELAND, MARK ANDREW, WAGENKNECHT, LYNNE E · 1999 to 2020
$54.9M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Sakeneh Zraika · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
STUDY OF HEALTH OUTCOMES OF WEIGHT-LOSS (SHOW)U01DK057131 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KAHN, STEVEN EMANUEL · 1999 to 2020
$16.0M
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Look AHEADR01HL070300 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SCHWENKE, DAWN COLLEEN · 2001 to 2004
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS 7R01 HL70300NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK057131NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK057136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundtransFatty acids (TFAs) increase cardiovascular disease risk. TFAs and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the food supply may be declining with reciprocal increases in cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs).

objectivesWe sought to determine whether plasma 18-carbon TFA and PUFA concentrations might decrease over time and whether there might be reciprocal increases in plasma cis-MUFAs and SFAs.

designWe studied 305 persons (171 women) taking part in Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes), a randomized trial of lifestyle intervention for weight loss to reduce major cardiovascular events in overweight and obese adults (aged 45-76 y) with type 2 diabetes who also participated in an ancillary study of oxidative stress. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of TFAs, cis-MUFAs, SFAs, and PUFAs measured in plasma before intervention (September 2002-April 2004).

resultsIn a model that included demographic characteristics, plasma total fatty acid concentration, BMI, serum insulin, statin use, season, and longitudinal time trend (R(2) = 0.167, P < 0.0001), plasma TFAs decreased by 13.5%/y (95% CI: -22.7, -3.2%/y; absolute decrease 7.0 mg · L(-1) · y(-1); 95% CI: -12.5, -1.6 mg · L(-1) · y(-1); P = 0.012). This longitudinal trend was not significantly altered by further adjustment for dietary variables and physical activity. In contrast, longitudinal trends for PUFAs, cis-MUFAs, and SFAs were weak and not significant.

conclusionsThis change in plasma concentrations of TFAs is consistent with changes in fatty acid composition that food manufacturers are likely to have made to avoid declaring TFAs on food labels. Further research will be needed to determine the overall effect of these changes on cardiovascular risk. The Look AHEAD trial is registered at clinicaltrials.govas NCT00017953.

Indexed as

AgedCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietDietary FatsFatty AcidsFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedFatty Acids, UnsaturatedFemaleFood SupplyHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedObesityOxidative StressDietary FatsFatty AcidsFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedFatty Acids, UnsaturatedTrans Fatty Acids

Identifiers

PMID23446895
PMCPMC3607659
OpenAlexW2102984665

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.