ArticleBiology of reproduction2013
Disruption of a spermatogenic cell-specific mouse enolase 4 (eno4) gene causes sperm structural defects and male infertility.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide analyses identify 25 infertility loci and relationships with reproductive traits across the allele frequency spectrum.Nature genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Enolase-1 and Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Genetic Architecture of Addiction-Relevant Behaviors in Outbred Sprague-Dawley Rats Reveals Loci for Anxiety-Like and Nociceptive Traits.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2026Article
- Cryotolerance of brown bear (Ursus arctos) sperm depends on sperm origin: insights into sperm quality and proteomic profiles.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sperm mitochondrial sheath formation - how and why?Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Genetic Architecture of Addiction-Relevant Behaviors in Outbred Sprague-Dawley Rats Reveals Loci for Anxiety-Like and Nociceptive Traits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic pathways fueling human spermatozoa capacitation and hyperactivation: a roadmap for spermatozoa bioenergetics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Glycolysis inhibition functionally reprograms T follicular helper cells and reverses lupus.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The Ultrastructure and Composition of Bovine Spermatozoa.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2025Review
- Spermatogenic cell-specific type 1 hexokinase (HK1S) is essential for capacitation-associated increase in tyrosine phosphorylation and male fertility in mice.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Tumour-specific phosphorylation of serine 419 drives alpha-enolase (ENO1) nuclear export in triple negative breast cancer progression.Cell & bioscience · 2024Article
- Neuron-Specific Enolase-What Are We Measuring?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealing the regulatory dynamics and networks of the pituitary-testis axis in sheep across developmental stages.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Identification of Biomarkers Affecting Cryopreservation Recovery Ratio in Ram Spermatozoa Using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-Based Quantitative Proteomics Approach.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
- Knockout of ENO1 leads to metabolism reprogramming and tumor retardation in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Motility Assessment of Ram Spermatozoa.Biology · 2022Review
- IRGC1, a testis-enriched immunity related GTPase, is important for fibrous sheath integrity and sperm motility in mice.Developmental biology · 2022Article
- ENO1 and Cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Review
- The Concentration of ProAKAP4 and Other Indicators of Cryopotential of Spermatozoa Cryopreserved in Extender withAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sperm utilize glycolysis to generate ATP required for motility, and several spermatogenic cell-specific glycolytic isozymes are associated with the fibrous sheath (FS) in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum. We used proteomics and molecular biology approaches to confirm earlier reports that a novel enolase is present in mouse sperm. We then found that a pan-enolase antibody, but not antibodies to ENO2 and ENO3, recognized a protein in the principal piece of the mouse sperm flagellum. Database analyses identified two previously uncharacterized enolase family-like candidate genes, 64306537H0Rik and Gm5506. Northern analysis indicated that 64306537H0Rik (renamed Eno4) was transcribed in testes of mice by Postnatal Day 12. To determine the role of ENO4, we generated mice using embryonic stem cells in which an Eno4 allele was disrupted by a gene trap containing a beta galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter (Eno4(+/Gt)). Expression of beta-gal occurred in the testis, and male mice homozygous for the gene trap allele (Eno4(Gt/Gt)) were infertile. Epididymal sperm numbers were 2-fold lower and sperm motility was reduced substantially in Eno4(Gt/Gt) mice compared to wild-type mice. Sperm from Eno4(Gt/Gt) mice had a coiled flagellum and a disorganized FS. The Gm5506 gene encodes a protein identical to ENO1 and also is transcribed at a low level in testis. We conclude that ENO4 is required for normal assembly of the FS and provides most of the enolase activity in sperm and that Eno1 and/or Gm5506 may encode a minor portion of the enolase activity in sperm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.