ArticleBMC cancer2013
3D pancreatic carcinoma spheroids induce a matrix-rich, chemoresistant phenotype offering a better model for drug testing.
Article in BMC cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers.
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Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 380 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Optimization of 3D Spheroid Models of Ovarian, Breast, and Gastric Cancer for Comparative Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-5 impact the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma spheroids.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Research progress of plant-derived chemical compounds for overcoming pancreatic cancer drug resistance.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- The application of experimental models for the drug discovery for digestive tumors.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Targeting RAD51-BRCA2 Interaction to Enhance Synthetic Lethality with Olaparib in Pancreatic Cancer: Development of a Novel Phenyl Furan-Quinoline-Carboxylic Acid Series.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Metabolic starvation-induced cell swelling drives solid stress in tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rapid Generation of Fusable Cell Beads for Multi-Scale Human Living Materials Assembly.Small methods · 2026Article
- Mapping Collective Forces of Lung Cancer Spheroids Using Traction Force Microscopy.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding constitutively active EPAC remodels the tumor microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy with chemotherapy and surgery.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Beyond monolayers: a comparative analysis of 2D cell cultures and 3DFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Pirfenidone Attenuates Fibrosis and Neovascularization in 3D Spheroid-Laden Hydrogel Culture.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Dissecting Cancer Metabolism and Therapeutic Resistance Using In Vitro Platforms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Effect of microbubble-assisted gemcitabine delivery with repeated ultrasound exposure in a pancreatic cancer organ-on-a-chip model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids of Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Computationally-designed aptamers targeting RAD51-BRCA2 interaction impair homologous recombination and induce synthetic lethality.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of different 3D culture environments on spheroid morphology, drug response, and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Reversible chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer grown as spheroids.Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) · 2025Article
- Simulating tumor complexity: 3D pancreatic tumor spheroid model for improved drug screening.Human cell · 2025Article
- Experimental models of pancreas cancer: what has been the impact for precision medicine?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death. It is lethal in nearly all patients, due to an almost complete chemoresistance. Most if not all drugs that pass preclinical tests successfully, fail miserably in the patient. This raises the question whether traditional 2D cell culture is the correct tool for drug screening. The objective of this study is to develop a simple, high-throughput 3D model of human PDAC cell lines, and to explore mechanisms underlying the transition from 2D to 3D that might be responsible for chemoresistance.
methodsSeveral established human PDAC and a KPC mouse cell lines were tested, whereby Panc-1 was studied in more detail. 3D spheroid formation was facilitated with methylcellulose. Spheroids were studied morphologically, electron microscopically and by qRT-PCR for selected matrix genes, related factors and miRNA. Metabolic studies were performed, and a panel of novel drugs was tested against gemcitabine.
resultsComparing 3D to 2D cell culture, matrix proteins were significantly increased as were lumican, SNED1, DARP32, and miR-146a. Cell metabolism in 3D was shifted towards glycolysis. All drugs tested were less effective in 3D, except for allicin, MT100 and AX, which demonstrated effect.
conclusionsWe developed a high-throughput 3D cell culture drug screening system for pancreatic cancer, which displays a strongly increased chemoresistance. Features associated to the 3D cell model are increased expression of matrix proteins and miRNA as well as stromal markers such as PPP1R1B and SNED1. This is supporting the concept of cell adhesion mediated drug resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.